Cindy, - (2018) Pengaruh Kombinasi Jarak Tanam Dan Pemangkasan Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Semangka (Citrullus Vulgaris Var. Classic). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Hasil tanaman semangka (Citrullus vulgaris) ditentukan oleh pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman semangka termaksud dalam indeterminate yaitu pertumbuhan vegetatif berjalan bersamaan fase generatif tanaman. Selain itu, teknik budidaya tanaman yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan jarak tanam lebar yaitu 6 m x 50 cm dan tidak dilakukan pemeliharaan tanaman seperti pemangkasan.. Hal ini menyebabkan hasil semangka sebesar 18,52 ton/hektar, dari potensi semangka sebesar 40 - 50 ton/hektar (Chaterine, 2012). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kuantitas tanpa menurunkan kualitas buah semangka dilakukan pengaturan jarak tanam yang optimal dan pemeliharaan tanaman. Jarak tanam dilakukan dengan lebih rapat agar meningkatkan populasi persatuan luas lahan. Namun, dengan jarak tanam yang rapat akan terjadi kompetisi tanaman seperti air, unsur hara dan cahaya matahari. Untuk mengatasi kompetisi dilakukan pemangkasan agar memberikan ruang tumbuh untuk masuknya cahaya matahari, serta dapat mengoptimalisasi hasil fotosintat (Ferreira, 2016). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengaturan jarak tanam dan pemangkasan pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman semangka, serta untuk menentukan pengaturan jarak tanam dan pemangkasan yang tepat agar memperoleh hasil tanaman semangka. Hipotesis penelitian ialah kombinasi jarak tanam 250 x 50 cm dan pemangkasan ruas ke-5 menyebabkan produksi semangka meningkat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Sumberagung, Kecamatan Plosoklaten, Kabupaten Kediri. Ketinggian tempat lokasi penelitian 210 m dpl, suhu 23oC- 32oC, curah hujan 1652 mm per tahun. Penelitian akan dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2017. Adapun alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu meteran, cangkul, tali rafia, pelubang mulsa, tugal, papan petak, penggaris, gunting, timbangan jarum, kertas label, kalkulator, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu benih semangka varietas Classic, mulsa plastik hitam perak, cocopeat, pupuk bokashi, pupuk NPK, dan pestisida. Penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) berupa kombinasi yaitu jarak tanam 250 x 40 cm + tanpa pemangkasan (P1), jarak tanam 250 x 40 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-4 (P2), jarak tanam 250 x 40 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-5 (P3), jarak tanam 250 x 50 cm + tanpa pemangkasan (P4), jarak tanam 250 x 50 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-4 (P5), jarak tanam 250 x 50 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-5 (P6), jarak tanam 250 x 60 cm + tanpa pemangkasan (P7), jarak tanam 250 x 60 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-4 (P8), serta jarak tanam 250 x 60 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-5 (P9). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Pengamatan pertumbuhan yang dilakukan meliputi luas daun dan indeks luas daun. Pengamatan hasil meliputi bobot buah/tanaman, bobot buah/hektar. Data yang didapatkan dari hasil pengamatan dianalisa dengan mengunakan uji F dengan taraf 5% apabila terdapat pengaruh pada setiap perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan antar perlakuan.ix Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan jarak tanam dan pemangkasan terdapat pengaruh nyata terhadap luas daun, indeks luas daun, bobot buah/tanaman, dan bobot buah/ha. Perlakuan kombinasi jarak tanam 250 x 40 cm diikuti dengan semua tipe pemangkasan. Selain itu jarak tanam 250 x 50 cm dan 250 x 60 cm secara berturut-urut diikuti dengan tanpa pemangkasan serta pemangkasan ruas ke-4 didapatkan bobot buah/ha nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan jarak tanam 250 x 40 cm, 250 x 50 cm dan 250 x 60 cm diikuti dengan pemangkasan ruas ke-5. Pada kombinasi perlakuan jarak tanam 250 x 60 cm + pemangkasan ruas ke-5 menghasikan bobot buah/ha sebesar 48,12 ton ha-1 atau 30,62% paling tinggi dari perlakuan jarak tanam 250 x 40 cm + tanpa pemangkasan sebesar 36,84 ton ha
English Abstract
The results of watermelon plants (Citrullus vulgaris) was determined by plant growth. Watermelon plants included in indeterminate is the vegetative growth walk along phase generative plants. In addition, the technique of plant cultivation is carried out using a wide spacing of 6 m x 50 cm and not done plant maintenance, such as pruning. This causes watermelon yield of 18.52 tons/hectare, from the potential of watermelon of 40-50 tons/hectare (Chaterine, 2012). One way to increase the quantity without decreasing the quality of watermelon fruit is to carried the optimal spacing and maintenance of plants. Plant Spacing is carried out more tightly so as to increase the population of land area unity. However, with tight spacing there will be competition for plants such as water, nutrients and sunlight. To overcome the competition, pruning is done to provide growth space for the entry of sunlight, and can to optimize photosynthate yields (Ferreira, 2016). The aim of the study was to study the effect of spacing and pruning on the growth and yield of watermelon plants, and to determine the proper spacing and pruning arrangements to obtain the results of watermelon plants. The research hypothesis is that a combination of spacing 250 x 50 cm and 5th segment pruning causes watermelon production to increase. The study was conducted in Sumberagung Village, Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency. The height of the location of the study site is 210 m above sea level, the temperature is 230C-320C, rainfall is 1652 mm per year. The research will be held from August until October 2017. The tools used in the research are meter, hoe, raffia, mulch, tugal, trial plot board, ruler, scissors, needle scales, label paper, calculators, stationery and camera. The materials used in the research were watermelon Classic varieties, black silver plastic mulch, cocopeat, bokashi fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and pesticides. The study was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) in the form of a combination of plant spacing 250 x 40 cm + without pruning (P1), plant spacing 250 x 40 cm + 4th segment pruning (P2), plant spacing 250 x 40 cm + pruning 5th segment (P3), plant spacing 250 x 50 cm + without pruning (P4), plant spacing 250 x 50 cm + 4th segment pruning (P5), plant spacing 250 x 50 cm + 5th segment pruning ( P6), plant spacing 250 x 60 cm + without pruning (P7), plant spacing 250 x 60 cm + 4th segment pruning (P8), and plant spacing 250 x 60 cm + 5th segment pruning (P9). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Growth observations carried out included leaf area and leaf area index. Observation of results includes weight fruit/plant, fruit weight fruit/hectare. The data obtained from the observations were analyzed by using the F test with a level of 5% if there was an influence on each treatment, then continued with an Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the 5% level to find out the differences between treatments. The results showed that the combination of plant spacing and pruning there are a significant effect on leaf area, leaf area index, weight fruit/plant, and weight fruit/hectare. The combination treatment of 250 x 40 cm spacing followed by all types of pruning. In addition, the plant spacing of 250 x 50 cm and 250 x 60xi cm in a row followed by no pruning and the 4th segment pruning showed that the fruit weight / hectare was significantly lower than the planting distance of 250 x 40 cm, 250 x 50 cm and 250 x 60 cm followed by pruning the 5th segment. In the combination treatment spacing 250 x 60 cm + 5th segment pruning resulted in weight fruit/hectare of 48.12 tons ha-1 or 30.62% the highest of treatment of spacing 250 x 40 cm + without pruning of 36.84 tons ha-1
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/790/051810683 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Jarak Tanam, Pemangkasan, Pertumbuhan, Hasil Tanaman Semangka |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting > 631.58 Special methods of cultivation |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Dec 2018 03:20 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 16:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13611 |
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