Panjaitan, Yohannes Barata Agustin (2018) Laju Dekomposisi Residu Kelapa Sawit Dalam Rorak Di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kekeringan merupakan suatu masalah yang besar dampaknya terhadap produksi kelapa sawit. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan oleh PT. Sampoerna Agro tbk. untuk mengatasi masalah kekeringan, salah satunya adalah pembuatan rorak dan memasukkan berbagai bahan organik (janjang kosong dan pelepah sawit) ke dalam rorak di areal perkebunan. Bahan organik yang terdekomposisi paling lama cocok diaplikasikan untuk menjaga kelembaban tanah, namun demikian menyebabkan lubang rorak cepat penuh. Di sisi lain, bahan organik yang cepat terdekomposisi dapat menyediakan unsur hara yang cukup bagi tanaman kelapa sawit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi laju dekomposisi residu kelapa sawit di dalam rorak dibandingkan dengan di luar rorak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2017 hingga Februari 2018 di PT. Mutiara Bunda Jaya, Sumatera Selatan. Strategi pengaturan perlakuan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 2 sumber keragaman (SK), SK1. Jenis bahan organik: (a) - bantalan BO + Jankos (JS), (b) - bantalan BO + Daun Pelepah (DP), (c) - bantalan BO + JDP, (d) + bantalan BO + Jankos (JS), (e) + bantalan BO + Daun Pelepah (DP), dan (f) + bantalan BO + JDP. SK2. Posisi litter bag yaitu di Dalam Rorak (DR) dan Luar Rorak (LR). Pengukuran dulakukan 5 kali pengulangan, dengan 5 waktu pengamatan (0 (awal), 1, 2,4, 8, dan 12 minggu setelah aplikasi). Total sampel yang diamati berjumlah 300 buah. Parameter yang diamati adalah kehilangan berat bahan organik (minggu awal, 1, 2, 4, 8, dan 12 minggu setelah aplikasi), karakteristik kimia bahan organik (kadar C, N, Lignin, Polifenol), dan kondisi lingkungan (suhu tanah). Laju dekomposisi dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal seperti suhu dan curah hujan serta faktor internal yaitu kualitas bahan organiknya (kadar C-organik, N, Lignin, Polifenol, C/N, L/N, dan (L+P)/N. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa laju dekomposisi di dalam rorak lebih cepat dibandingkan luar rorak. Laju dekomposisi bahan organik tercepat adalah janjang kosong dengan bantalan BO (k = 0.033 – 0.035) dibandingkan janjang kosong tanpa bantalan BO (k = 0.032 – 0.035). Rata-rata masa tinggal BO yang terdapat di luar rorak lebih lama (34 minggu) dibandingkan di dalam rorak (32 minggu). Nisbah C/N biomasa dan kadar lignin berhubungan lemah dengan laju dekomposisi masing-masing R2 = 0.001 dan R2 = 0.18. Sedangkan nisbah Lignin/N berhubungan cukup erat (R2 = 0,44) dengan laju dekomposisi. Laju dekomposisi di dalam rorak nampaknya lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal yaitu curah hujan daripada faktor internal, namun demikian pengukuran lebih lanjut masih diperlukan.
English Abstract
Drought is a problem that have a large impact on palm oil production. Various efforts have been made by PT. Sampoerna Agro tbk. to solve the drought problem, one of which is making an infiltration pit (rorak) and adding various organic materials (empty fruit bunch and palm fronds) into the pit. A slow decomposed organic material is suitable to be used as mulch to maintain soil moisture, while rapidly decomposed organic materials can provide enough nutrients available for oil palm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the decomposition rate of oil palm residues within infiltration pit compare to the one outside pit. This research was conducted in November 2017 until February 2018 at PT. Mutiara Bunda Jaya, South Sumatera. The experimental design used was Factorial Random Block Design with 2 factors. Factor 1 (6 level): Type of organic material are: (a) without organic input + EFB (JS), (b) without organic input + Palm Frond (DP), (c) without organic input + Mix of EFB and Palm Frond, (d) with organic input + EFB (JS) (e) with organic input + Palm Frond (DP), and (f) with organic input + Mix of EFB and Palm Frond. Factor 2 (2 level): The position of the litter bag i.e inside infiltration pit (rorak) (DR) and outside infiltration pit (rorak) (LR). Five times of observation done were 0 (initial), 2, 4, 8, and 12 Week After Treatment/WAT, and each treatment was observed 5 times. The measurement performed were the loss of organic matter weight, chemical characteristics of organic matter (C, N, Lignin, Polyphenols contents), and environmental conditions (soil temperature). Decomposition rate is influenced by external (temperature and rainfall) and internal factors, those are the quality of organic matter (C, N, Lignin, Polyphenold, C/N, L/N, (L+P)/N. The results showed that the rate of decomposition within infiltration pit was faster than outside pit. The fastest decomposition rate of organic matter (OM) is empty fruit bunch with organic input (k = 0.033 - 0.035) compared to empty fruit bunch without organic input (k = 0.032 - 0.035). The OM residence time outside the infiltration pit is longer (about 34 weeks) than inside the pit (about 32 weeks). The C/N and Lignin content of OM has a weak correlation to decomposition rate with R2 = 0.001 and R2 = 0.18, while Lignin / N has a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.44) to the decomposition rate. This results suggested that external factor has stronger relation to decomposition rate rather than internal factor, however, further study is still needed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/698/051810174 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Dekomposisi Residu, Kelapa Sawit, Rorak |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 620 Engineering and allied operations > 620.1 Engineering mechanics and materials > 620.11 Engineering materials > 620.112 Properties of materials and nondestructive testing > 620.112 2 Resistance to decay, decomposition, deterioration |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Feb 2019 03:47 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13368 |
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