Novitasari, Adin (2018) Keragaan 10 Genotipe Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Akibat Cekaman Kekeringan Pada Fase Pembibitan Dan Potensi Hasil Pada Kondisi Optimum. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Padi (Oryza sativaL.) ialah tanaman pangan yang dimanfaatkan bijinya.Badan Pusat Statistika (2016) mencatat luas lahan sawah di Indonesia mencapai 8.114.829 ha sampai tahun 2014.Dalam upaya perluasan areal dapat memanfaatkan lahan-lahan suboptimal seperti rawa lebak dan tadah hujan.Kendala pada lahan tersebut ialah ketersediaan air yang tidak menentu.Menurut Effendi (2009) kemampuan akar mengabsorbsi air dengan memaksimalkan sistem perakaran merupakan salah satu pendekatan utama untuk mengkaji kemampuan adaptasi tanaman terhadap kekurangan air.Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu diketahui potensi hasil genotipe padi yang diduga toleran cekaman kekeringan sehingga bisa mendukung perakitan varietas toleran kekeringan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfologi dan anatomi akar tanaman padi serta interaksinya akibat cekaman kekeringan, untuk mengetahui genotipe yang diduga memiliki toleransi cekaman kekeringan dan mengetahui potensi hasil dari genotipe padi toleran cekaman kekeringan.Hipotesis dari penelitian ialah terdapat variasi morfologi dan anatomi akar tanaman padi serta interaksinya akibat cekaman kekeringan, terdapat genotipe yang diduga memiliki toleransi cekaman kekeringan dan terdapat beberapa genotipe padi toleran cekaman kekeringan yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca dan Kebun Percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Kecamatan Ciasem, Kabupaten Subang pada bulan Desember 2017 sampai April 2018. Alat yang digunakanialah 80 pot trasnparan, oven, petridisk, alat ayak tanah, meteran, penggaris, mikroskop, cutter, kaca preparat, gelas ukur, kamera, timbangan analitik, grain moisture tester, Buku Panduan Pengujian Individual (PPI), bajak, cangkul, caplak, knapsack sprayer, alat tulis dan papan penanda. Bahan yang digunakan ialahenam benih galur padi yaitu BP30411f (F5); B14039E-KA-15 (F6); BP29790d-PWK-2-SKI-1-3 (F4); BP29790d-PWK-SKI-1-5 (F4); B13983E-KA-6-3 (F6); B1398E-KA-7-3 (F6); dan empat varietas yaitu IR64Dro; Inpari 38; IR 20; Salumpikit; kertas label; kertas HVS putih; amplop; POC (Pupuk Organik Cair); pupuk urea; KCl; SP-36 dan NPK Phonska. Varietas Inpari 38 dan Salumpikit sebagai cek toleran kekeringan, varietas IR20 sebagai cek peka kekeringan dan IR64Dro1 sebagai cek pola perakaran.Benih berasal dari Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi.Penelitian terdiri dari dua kegiatan yaitu percobaan pot transparan di rumah kaca dan percobaan lapang.Rancangan pada percobaan pot transparan ialah Rancangan Acak Kelompok disusun secara faktorial,terdiri dua faktor dan diulang empat ii ii kali.Faktor pertama ialah genotipe (G) dengan 10 taraf perlakuan dan faktor kedua ialah lingkungan (C) dengan dua taraf yaitu Tanpa cekaman kekeringan dan cekaman kekeringan sehingga terdapat 20 kombinasi perlakuan per ulangan.Rancangan pada percobaan lapang ialah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri 10 perlakuan genotipe dan diulang tiga kali. Karakter yang diamati pada percobaan pot ialah tinggi tanaman (cm), panjang daun (cm), lebar daun (cm), jumlah daun, skoring menggulungdaun, sudut akar (o), panjang akar primer (cm), panjang akar seminal (cm), jumlah akar seminal, diameter metaxylem (
English Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) a crop that was used for seeds. Central Bureau of Statistics (2016) recorded wetland area in Indonesia reached 8,114,829 ha until 2014. In an effort expansion area can take advantage of suboptimal land like swamps and rain-fed. Constraints on the land is the availability of uncertain water. According to Effendi (2009) the ability of the root to absorb water by maximizing root system is one of the main approaches to assess the ability of crop adaptation to water shortage. Based on the above, it is necessary to know the potential of rice genotypes that are suspected to be tolerant of drought stress so that it can support the assembly of drought tolerant varieties. This study aims to determine the morphology and anatomy of rice roots as well as their interaction due to drought stress, to know the genotype that is suspected to have drought stress tolerance and to know the potential yield of drought tolerant rice genotype. The hypothesis of the study is there are variations of morphology and anatomy of rice roots and their interaction due to drought stress, there are genotypes that are suspected to have drought stress tolerance and there are several high-yield drought tolerant drought tolerant rice genotypes. The research was be conducted at Greenhouse and Experimental Garden of Rice Research Center, Ciasem Sub-district, Subang Regency from December 2017 until April 2018. The tool used is 80 pots of transparency, oven, petridisk, meter, ruler, microscope, cutter, glass preparations, measuring cylinders, cameras, analytical scales, grain moisture tester, Individual Testing Guide Book (PPI), plow, hoe, wart, knapsack sprayer, stationery and marker board. The material used is six seed genotype of BP30411f (F5); B14039E-KA-15 (F6); BP29790d-PWK-2-SKI-1-3 (F4); BP29790d-PWK-SKI-1-5 (F4); B13983E-KA-6-3 (F6); B1398E-KA-7-3 (F6); and four varieties namely IR64Dro; Inpari 38; IR 20; Salumpikit; label; white HVS paper; envelope; POC (Liquid Organic Fertilizer); urea fertilizer; KCl; SP-36 and NPK Phonska. Inpari 38 and Salumpikit varieties as drought tolerant checks, IR20 varieties as drought-sensitive checks and IR64Dro1 as root pattern checks. Seed given from Indonesian Center for Rice Research. The study consists of two activities: transparent pot experiments in greenhouses and field experiments. The design on a transparent pot experiment is a Randomized Block Design in factorial, consisting of two factors and repeated four times. The first factor is genotype (G) with 10 treatment levels and the second factor is environment (C) with two levels is without drought stress and drought stress so there are 20 treatment combinations per replication. The design of the field experiment was the Randomized Block Design consisting of 10 genotypes treated and repeated three times. The characters observed in the pot experiment were plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), number of leaves, dried leaves scoring, root angle (o), root length (cm), ), number of seminal roots, meta-xylem diameter (μm), number of meta-xylem, number of proto-xylem, canopy wet weight (g), canopy dry weight (g), root wet weight (g), and root dry weight (g). iv iv The characters observed in the field experiment were the intensity of the green leaf color, the position of the leaf flag, the height of the plant (cm), the number of tillers, the flowering age (HSS), the maturity age (HSS), the total grain quantity per panicle, weight of 1000 grains (g), grain weight of clump-1 (g), and yield. Quantitative data were analyzed using F-test (F test) with 5% level and if result showed real difference tested continued using LSD test (Least Significant Different) 5%. Analysis in a transparent pot experiment consists the main component analysis, Stress Tolerance Index (STI), correlation analysis and WINDEX analysis. Analysis in the field experiment only by correlation analysis. The results showed that from 6 line and 4 control varieties tested on seeding phase drought stress condition were selected genotype BP29790d PWK-2-SKI-1-3, B13983E-KA-6-3 and BP30411f as candidates for drought stress tolerant genotype based on WINDEX analysis . The WINDEX value of the genotype is 9.25; 7.99; and 7.62. The results of the field experiments showed that the genotype B13983E-KA-6-3 had the best performance and performance among the other genotypes tested. The yield of genotype B13983E-KA-6-3 was 8.04 ton ha-1. There is a positive correlation between the results component with the result that is on the character of the number of tillers (r = 0.49) and the flowering age (r = 0.44).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/681/051810016 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Genotipe Padi (Oryza Sativa L.), Cekaman Kekeringan, Fase Pembibitan |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting > 631.52 Production of seeds, bulbs, tubers, new varieties |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jan 2019 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13353 |
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