Fitra, Salma J. (2018) Pengaruh Pemupukan Pada Lahan Gambut Terhadap Karakteristik Tanah, Emisi Co2, Dan Produktivitas Karet. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Terbatasnya ketersediaan lahan pertanian yang produktif menyebabkan pengembangan pertanian mengarah kepada lahan-lahan marginal salah satunya lahan gambut. Lahan gambut merupakan lahan yang memiliki tanah yang kaya akan bahan organik (C-organik >18%), dan tingkat kesuburan yang relatif rendah, tetapi berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan produktivitasnya seperti tanah mineral. Aspek yang perlu diteliti demi menunjang peningkatan produktivitas tanah gambut ialah sifat fisik dan kimianya. Tanah gambut memiliki berat isi yang sangat rendah, kadar abu yang rendah, pH sangat masam, N dan P yang tinggi tetapi secara kuantitatif jumlahnya sedikit tersedia untuk tanaman, dan KTK yang tinggi tetapi KB rendah sehingga kation-kation basanya (K, Ca, Mg, Na) juga rendah karena mudah tercuci. Berdasarkan karakteristik gambut tersebut maka perlu dilakukan pemupukan untuk dapat menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat tumbuh dan beradaptasi pada lahan gambut ialah tanaman karet. Pemupukan juga dapat berpotensi meningkatkan proses dekomposisi tanah gambut sehingga dapat meningkatkan emisi CO2 yang merupakan salah satu gas rumah kaca. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan terhadap karakteristik tanah gambut, emisi CO2 dan produktivitas tanaman karet. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Jabiren, Kecamatan Jabiren Raya, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor pada bulan Desember 2017 hingga April 2018. Penelitian di lapang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, dengan tanaman karet sebagai tanaman indikator. Perlakuan terdiri dari kombinasi pupuk yaitu P0 (kontrol/pupuk dasar Urea, SP-36, dan KCl), P1 (kontrol + pupuk kandang sapi), P2 (kontrol + pupuk borax), dan P3 (kontrol + pupuk kandang sapi + pupuk borax). Parameter yang diamati meliputi berat isi tanah, kadar abu, pH, KTK, KB, kation basa dapat ditukar (K, Ca, Mg, Na), C-organik, N total, P tersedia, emisi CO2, dan pertambahan lingkar batang serta produksi getah karet sebagai parameter yang diamati dari tanaman karet. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf 5% dengan Software Genstat dan diuji lanjut dengan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan dengan kombinasi kontrol dan pupuk kandang sapi (P1) berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik kimia tanah diantaranya KTK dengan hasil tertinggi 163,06 cmol/kg, N total dengan hasil tertinggi 2,07%, K dengan hasil tertinggi 0,34 cmol/kg, serta P tersedia dengan hasil tertinggi 294,9 ppm. Perlakuan P1 juga cenderung meningkatkan pertambahan lingkar batang karet sebesar 7,11 cm selama periode 9 bulan. Sedangkan pada parameter berat isi, kadar abu, pH, KB, Ca, Mg, Na, C-organik, emisi CO2, serta produksi getah karet, diketahui perlakuan kombinasi pemupukan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Secara umum perlakuan pemupukan dengan dengan kombinasi kontrol dan pupuk kandang sapi (P1) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam memperbaiki karakteristik kimia tanah.
English Abstract
The limited availability of productive agricultural land causes the development of agriculture leading to the marginal lands, one of which is peat land. Peat land is land with soil that rich in organic matter (C-organic >18%), and relatively has low level of fertility, but has the potential to increase its productivity such as mineral soils. The aspects that need to be researched in order to support the increase of peat productivity is the physical and chemical properties. Peat has a very low bulk density, low ash content, very acid pH, high N and P but quantitatively few are available for plant, and high of CEC but the base saturation is low so that its base cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na) also low because it is easily leached. Based on theese characteristics of peat, fertilization needs to be done to support plant growth. One of the plant that can grow and adapt on peat land is the rubber plant. Fertilization can also potentially increase the process of decomposition of peat so that can increase CO2 emission which is one of the greenhouse gases. Based on these things, this research was conducted to analyze the effect of fertilization on peat land to soil characteristic, CO2 emission and rubber plant productivity. The research was conducted in Jabiren Village, Jabiren Raya District, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province and in the Laboratory of Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor in December 2017 until April 2018. The research was conducted using randomized block design (RAK) with 4 treatments and 4 replications, with rubber plant as plant indicator. The treatment consisted of combination of fertilizer, that were P0 (control / base fertilizer Urea, SP-36, and KCl), P1 (control + cow manure), P2 (control + borax fertilizer), and P3 (control + cow manure + borax fertilizer ). Parameters observed in this research were soil bulk density, ash content, pH, CEC, base saturation, base cations exchangeable (K, Ca, Mg, Na), C-organic, N total, P availability, CO2 emission, and the increasing of stem circumference and latex production that was parameters observed from rubber plant. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance at 5% level using Genstat Software and further tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level. The results showed that fertilizer with combination of control and cow manure (P1) significantly affected the soil chemical characteristics such as CEC with the highest result was 163,06 cmol/kg, N total with the highest result was 2,07%, K with the highest result was 0,34 cmol/kg, and P availability with the highest result was 294,9 ppm. The P1 treatment also tended to increase the increasing of stem circumference with the result was 7,11 cm for 9 months period. Whereas in the other parameters such as soil bulk density, ash content, pH, base saturation, base cations exchangeable (K, Ca, Mg, Na), C-organic, CO2 emission, and latex production, known that fertilization combination treatment did not show any significant differences. In general, fertilization treatment with the combination of control and cow manure (P1) had the best effect of improving soil chemical characteristics.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/680/051810015 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pemupukan, Lahan Gambut, Karakteristik Tanah, Co2, Produktivitas Karet |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 577 Ecology > 577.6 Aquatic ecology > 577.68 Wetland ecology > 577.687 Peat bog ecology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Nov 2018 02:21 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13352 |
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