Novanti, Chyntia (2018) Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Porositas Tanah (Studi Kasus : Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perkembangan tutupan lahan di Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus atau UB Forest pada beberapa dekade terakhir ini sangat dinamis. Kawasan ini semula berupa hutan alam dan kemudian menjadi hutan produksi berbasis tegakan yang seragam, pada saat ini dijumpai beberapa macam variasi tutupan lahan. Keragaman tersebut meliputi jenis tanaman tegakan dan tanaman sela, kerapatan tanaman, luas tajuk, serasah, serta faktor lainnya seperti manajemen lahan. Perbedaan tutupan lahan berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi masukan bahan organik yang berasal dari serasah dan dari akar tanaman yang telah mati. Masukan bahan organik yang berbeda kualitas dan kuantitasnya akan mempengaruhi kandungan bahan organik tanah dan selanjutnya juga berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik tanah seperti tekstur, berat isi, berat jenis, dan porositas tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengevaluasi perbedaan tutupan lahan terhadap bahan organik yang nantinya akan mempengaruhi porositas pada tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2017 - Januari 2018 di UB Forest Malang, Jawa Timur dan Laboratorium Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Parameter sampel tanah yang diamati berupa tekstur, Corganik, berat isi, berat jenis, porositas tanah dan parameter tanaman berupa jenis tanaman, kerapatan tanaman, luas bidang dasar, kerapatan tajuk, dan serasah. Pemilihan plot pengamatan dilakukan dengan cara survei terhadap kondisi tutupan lahan, kemudian dipilih enam plot yang mewakili enam macam tutupan sebagai berikut: (P1) kawasan lindung; (P2) mahoni + kopi; (P3) pinus + kopi (tajuk rapat); (P4) pinus + kopi (tajuk agak rapat); (P5) pinus + kopi (tajuk sedang) dan (P6) pinus + tanaman semusim. Setiap plot pewakil berukuran 20 x 20 m2 dan diambil sampel tanah sebanyak empat ulangan untuk setiap macam tutupan lahan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis ragam dan uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT (Duncan Mutiple Range Test). Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji korelasi dan uji regresi untuk melihat hubungan serta pengaruh dari antar parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan tutupan lahan memberikan luas bidang dasar yang bervariasi. Kedudukan pohon yang lebih padat akan memberikan jumlah serasah yang tinggi, sehingga nantinya memperngaruhi bahan organik yang dihasilkan. Bahan organik secara nyata mampu mempengaruhi porositas tanah. Hasil uji anova bahan organik berpengaruh terhadap porositas baik di lapisan atas maupun lapisan bawah dengan p <0,05. Bahan organik lapisan atas selalu lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lapisan bawah. Jumlah bahan organik tertinggi berada pada plot P1 (kawasan lindung) sejumlah 11,09% dan P6 (pinus + tanaman semusim) sejumlah 11,02%. Pada lapisan atas setiap kenaikan bahan organik satu persen maka porositas tanah meningkat sebesar 1,06%, lalu sama halnya pada lapisan bawah yang akan meningkat sebesar 1,35%.
English Abstract
In the past few decades, the development of land cover in UB forest is very dynamic. This area was a natural forest which then became uniform stand structures production forest. Nowadays, there is the various land cover. That diversity includes types of tree and side plant, plant density, tree canopy, litterfall, and other factors such as land management. The difference on the land cover can potentially affect the input of organic matter that comes from litterfall and dead plant roots. The difference quality and quantity on the input of organic matter will affect the soil organic matter; and will also affect the physical properties of soil such as its texture, bulk density, particles density, and soil porosity. This research aimed to analyze and evaluate the land cover differences on the organic matter that would affect the soil porosity. This research was conducted from November 2017 to January 2018 in UB Forest, Malang, East Java and in Laboratory of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The observed soil parameters were texture, Corganic, bulk density, particles density, soil porosity, and plant parameters such as plant species, plant density, basal area, tree canopy, and litter biomass. The selection of observation plots was made by surveying the land cover condition. After that, the six plots were chosen to represent six types of cover. They were (P1) forested area; (P2) mahogany + coffee; (P3) pine + coffee (highly adjacent canopy); (P4) pine + coffee (slightly adjacent canopy); (P5) pine + coffee (medium canopy) and (P6) pine + annual. Each plot was 20x20 m2 in which the soil sample was taken and repeated four times for each type of land cover. This research used variance analysis (ANOVA) and then tested by using DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Furthermore, the correlation test and regression test were done to see the relationship as well as the effect of the parameters. The research result showed that the land cover differences provided various basal area. The position of the denser tree would give a high amount of litter so that it would affect the produced organic matter. The organic matter was able to affect the soil porosity. The result of the anova test showed that organic matter affected the porosity both in the upper and bottom layer of the soil; with p<0.05. The highest organic matter was in the P1 plot (protected areas) by 11.09% and P6 (pine+ annuals) by 11.02%. In the upper layer of the soil, every 1% increase in organic matter caused the increase of soil porosity by 1.06%; while the bottom layer would increase by 1.35%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/688/051810023 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Tutupan Lahan, Porositas Tanah, Manajemen Lahan |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Nov 2018 07:22 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 14:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13332 |
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