Ibrahim, Muhammad (2017) Keanekaragaman Dan Populasi Parasitoid Di Pertanamanan Padi : Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) adalah sebuah strategi dalam mengendalikan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) dengan memanfaatkan berbagai macam metode pengendalian secara tepat berdasarkan pada hasil pengamatan secara berkala. Konsep PHT telah diterapkan dalam upaya pengendalian OPT padi di Indonesia melalui prinsip-prinsip PHT yaitu budidaya tanaman sehat, melestarikan dan memanfaatkan musuh alami, pengamatan secara periodik atau berkala, dan petani sebagai ahli PHT. Bentuk penerapan PHT pada padi diantaranya penanaman tanaman berbunga sebagai refugia, mengurangi penggunaan pestisida di awal tanam, dan pengelolaan vegetasi di pematang. Salah satu hasil penerapan PHT adalah mampu mengoptimalkan populasi, keanekaragaman dan peran dari musuh alami. Parasitoid sebagai salah satu peran sebagai musuh alami memiliki kemampuan untuk menekan populasi OPT. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan populasi parasitoid pada budidaya padi yang telah menerapkan PHT. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan April 2016 hingga Juni 2016 di sawah milik anggota Kelompok Tani Mekar Jaya I dan II di Desa Bendo Kecamatan Kapas Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan Laboratorium Entomologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Tanaman padi yang diamati pada fase vegetatif hingga 12 hari pasca panen. Lokasi yang diamati masing-masing seluas 25 Ha dan dibedakan menjadi dua jenis, yaitu lahan sawah yang telah diterapkan sistem PHT selama 4 musim tanam dan 2 musim tanam. Pada setiap lokasi pengamatan ditentukan tiga plot pengamatan (50x100 m) secara diagonal berdasarkan transek dengan jarak tepi lahan 10 m. Selanjutnya setiap plot ditentukan dua sub plot pengamatan (20x40 m) secara diagonal berdasarkan transek dengan jarak dari tepi plot 5 m. Alat yang digunakan yaitu alat penghisap serangga, farmcop dan perangkap panci kuning. Pada masing-masing sub plot pengamatan terdapat satu perangkap panci kuning dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan farmcop sebanyak 20 ulangan. Pengamatan perangkap panci kuning dilakukan setiap hari sedangkan pengamatan menggunakan farmcop dilakukan setiap enam hari sekali. Keanekaragaman parasitoid dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner (H), Indeks Dominansi (λ), Indeks Kekayaan Jenis (R) dan Indeks Kemerataan (E). Populasi parasitoid dianalisis menggunakan uji T dengan tingkat ketelitian 5% untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan dari dua lokasi pengamatan. Hasil pengamatan di dua lokasi pertanaman padi yang telah menerapkan PHT ditemukan 37 spesies parasitoid dari 10 famili berbeda yaitu, Mymaridae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Scelionidae, Trichogrammatidae, Eulophidae, Cynipidae, Diapriidae, Scoliidae dan Pipuncullidae. Keanekaragaman parasitoid di lokasi pertanaman padi yang telah menerapkan PHT selama 4 musim dan 2 musim tidak terdapat perbedaan secara nyata. Di lokasi pertanaman padi yang telah menerapkan PHT selama 4 musim ditemukan 35 spesies parasitoid dan di lokasi pertanaman padi yang telah menerapkan PHT selama 2 musim ditemukan 33 spesies parasitoid. Indeks Keanekaragaman di lokasi pertanaman padi yang telah menerapkan PHT selama 4 musim dan 2 musim adalah 2,55 dan 2,40 yang iv keduanya tergolong pada ketegori keanekaragaman sedang. Tidak adanya perbedaan keanekaragaman parasitoid secara nyata dari dua lokasi yang diamati diduga karena fenologi parasitoid di kedua lokasi tidak berbeda. Fluktuasi rerata parasitoid di kedua lokasi pertanaman padi dipengaruhi oleh perpindahan parasitoid dan ketersediaan serangga inang. Rerata populasi hama wereng dan penggerek batang per rumpun di kedua lokasi pertanaman padi menurun seiring dengan peningkatan rerata populasi parasitoid per rumpun. Sedangkan rerata populasi hama walang sangit per rumpun tidak menunjukkan penurunan. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan spesies parasitoid yang menyerang walang sangit. Sehingga tidak diketahui apakah parasitoid di kedua lokasi pertanaman padi mempengaruhi fluktuasi rerata populasi walang sangit. Parasitoid yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati yaitu Anagrus sp., Tetrastichus sp., Eulophidae 1, Trichogrammatidae 1, Trichogrammatidae 2, Trichogrammatidae 3, dan Trichogrammatoidea sp.
English Abstract
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a strategy to control pest and diseases that utilizes various controling methods in a harmonious way based on frequent monitoring process. IPM concepts has been implemented in rice field control programme in Indonesia through IPM Principles: cultivate healthy plants, conserve and utilize natural enemies, periodical monitoring and make farmer as an expert. IPM implementations such as utilize refugia, reducing early season pesticide application, and vegetation management. IPM implementations in rice fields could enhanced population, diversity and role of natural enemies. Therefore parasitoid as one of the natural enemies has capability to surpress population of pest. This research purposes was to know diversity and population of parasitoid in rice fields which has implemented IPM. The research was conducted from April to June 2016 at Bendo Village, Kapas District, Bojonegoro and Entomology Laboratory, Plant Pest and Diseases Department of Agriculture Faculty, University of Brawijaya since vegetative stage until 12 days after harvesting. There were rice fields which has implemented IPM for 4 planting seasons and 2 planting seasons. Plot observations were selelcted (50x100 m) diagonally based on transect at 4 planting seasons of rice fields as well as 2 planting seasons rice fields with 10 m distance from rice field edges. Each plot observation then determined two sub plot observations (20x40 m) diagonally based on transect with 5 m distance from plot edges. Yellow pan trap and farmcop were used. There was one yellow pantrap and 20 repetititons of farmcop application in each sub plot observation. Parasitoid biodiversity was analyzed with Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index, Dominance Index, Richness Index, and Evenness Index. Parasitoid population was analyzed with T test with 5% degree to determine if there was any significant difference. Obseravtion results in two locations were found 37 species from 10 families, which were Mymaridae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Scelionidae, Trichogrammatidae, Eulophidae, Cynipidae, Diapriidae, Scoliidae, and Pipunculidae. Parasitoid diversity in 4 seasons and 2 seasons IPM rice fields has no significantly difference. In 4 seasons implemented IPM rice fields were found 35 species and in 2 seasons implemented IPM rice fields were found 33 species. The Diversity Index of 4 seasons and 2 seasons implemented IPM rice fields were 2.55 and 2.40 which both of them were in medium diversity category. There was no significant difference of parasitoid diversity between two locations. It was suggested the parastoid phenology in both locations were not different. Fluctuation of the average parasitoid population in both locations were influenced by parasitoid vagility and host availability. Average population of planthopper and stem borer per hill in both locations were decreasing and followed by average parasitoid population increased per hill. However, the average population of rice bug was missed. In this research was not found parasitoid species which parasitize rice bug. Thus, it might affect the population of rice bug. Several parasitoids has potential to become biological agents, which were Anagrus sp., Tetrastichus sp., Eulophidae 1, Trichogrammatidae 1, Trichogrammatidae 2, Trichogrammatidae 3, and Trichogrammatoidea sp.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/166/051703187 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Apr 2017 14:41 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/132073 |
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