Hapsari, IndahKurnia (2016) Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Tanaman Zodia Evodia Suaveolens Terhadap Kumbang Tembakau Lasioderma Serricorne Fabricius (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tembakau merupakan salah satu komoditas penting di Indonesia yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Daun tembakau umumnya dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama dalam gudang penyimpanan. Lamanya periode penyimpanan ini dapat memberikan kesempatan bagi kumbang tembakau Lasioderma serricorne untuk tumbuh dan bereproduksi. L. serricorne mengakibatkan daun berlubang sehingga tidak memiliki nilai jual lagi. Upaya pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan adalah dengan fumigasi fosfin. Penggunaan fosfin harus memperhatikan aspek keselamatan kerja karena sangat beracun terhadap manusia. Alternatif lain yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan pemanfaatan insektisida alami yang bersifat ramah lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah ekstrak tanaman zodia. Kandungan linalool dalam zodia telah dikenal memiliki efek toksik dan repelen terhadap serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas fumigan dan repelen ekstrak daun zodia terhadap L. serricorne. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 6 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dengan membandingkan beberapa konsentrasi, yaitu 0 ppm (kontrol), 50.000 ppm, 150.000 ppm, 250.000 ppm, 350.000 ppm, dan 450.000 ppm. Masing-masing konsentrasi ditambahkan pelarut aseton hingga 1 mL. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian aktivitas fumigan dan atraktan/repelen ekstrak daun zodia terhadap L. serricorne. Pengujian aktivitas fumigan dilakukan dengan memaparkan 20 telur, 20 larva, 20 pupa, dan 20 imago dalam masing-masing toples perlakuan. Pengujian atraktan/repelen dilakukan pada 20 imago L. serricorne. Data hasil uji fumigan dianalisis dalam Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), dan jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dalam perlakuan, maka dilakukan uji lanjutan BNT (5%) untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Nilai LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration 50%) dihitung dengan menggunakan analisis Probit menggunakan program Hsin-chi. Sedangkan data hasil uji atraktan/repelen dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Indeks Repelen (IR) kemudian dianalisis dengan uji non-parametrik Kruskal Wallis untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh repelensi ekstrak daun zodia terhadap L. serricorne. Hasil penelitian aktivitas fumigan dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun zodia memiliki efek toksik terhadap keempat fase L. serricorne. Berdasarkan hasil uji BNT dari persentase mortalitas keempat fase L. serricorne didapatkan hasil bahwa konsentrasi terbaik yang dapat diaplikasikan yaitu sebesar 450.000 ppm, karena pada konsentrasi tersebut telah mampu mematikan L. serricorne dengan rerata kematian hingga 100%. Nilai LC50 yang dibutuhkan untuk telur, larva, pupa, dan imago secara berurutan yaitu 140.092 ppm/300 ml (462.304 ppm/L); 150.499 ppm/250 ml (601.996 ppm/L); 150.302 ppm/250 ml (601.208 ppm/L); dan 412.698 ppm/250 ml (1.650.792 ppm/L). Ekstrak daun zodia juga memiliki sifat repelen terhadap L. serricorne. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam pengujian, maka tingkat repelensi yang dihasilkan juga semakin tinggi.
English Abstract
Tobacco is one of the important commodity in Indonesia that played an important role in improving the economy of Indonesia. Tobacco leaf can generally be stored in a long period of time in the warehouse. The duration of the retention period would provide an opportunity for the tobacco beetle Lasioderma serricorne to grow and reproduce. L. serricorne caused the leaf perforated so it didn’t have any value to be sold again. Control effort that has been done was phosphine fumigation. It should be more important to pay attention while using phosphine to work because it was very poisonous for humans. Another alternative might be chosed was using natural insecticides because of its environmentally safety. One of them was a plant extract of Evodia suaveolens. The content of linalool in E. suaveolens has been known to have toxic effects and repellent against insects. This study was aimed to determine the activity of the fumigant and repelent of E. suaveolens leaf extract against L. serricorne. The study was conducted by using 6 treatments and repeated 4 times. The treatments was used by comparing various concentrations, were 0 ppm (control), 50,000 ppm; 150,000 ppm; 250,000 ppm; 350,000 ppm; and 450,000 ppm. Each concentration was added with acetone until 1 mL. Tests performed included testing the activity of the fumigant and attractant / repellent E. suaveolens leaf extract against L. serricorne. Fumigant activity test was done by exposing 20 eggs, 20 larvae, 20 pupae and 20 imago in each jar of treatment. Testing of attractant / repellent was made on 20 imago L. serricorne. Fumigant test result data analyzed in the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if there was a significant difference in the treatment, then LSD tests (5%) would be conducted to know the differences between treatments. LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration 50%) were calculated by using Probit analysis with Hsin-chi program. Whereas the test result of data attractant / repellent were calculated by using repellent Index (IR) and than analyzed by using nonparametric Kruskal Wallis to know how the repellent effect of E. suaveolens leaf extract to L. serricorne. The results of the research activity of the fumigant could be seen that the leaf extract of E. suaveolens have toxic effects on the four phases of L. serricorne. Based on the results of LSD test from mortality percentage L. serricorne fourth phase showed that the best concentration that could be applied was 450,000 ppm because the concentration has been able to kill L. serricorne with an average mortality up to 100%. LC50 needed for egg, larvae, pupae, and imago in sequence were 140,092 ppm/300 ml (462,304 ppm/L); 150,499 ppm/250 ml (601,996 ppm/L); 150,302 ppm/250 ml (601,208 ppm/L); dan 412,698 ppm/250 ml (1,650,792 ppm/L). E. suaveolens leaf extract also has repellent activity against L. serricorne. The higher concentration used in the test, then the resulting of repellent level was also higher.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/972/051700048 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2017 14:59 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 01:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131973 |
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