Valentian, Epyan (2016) Potensi Pemanfaatan Azospirillum Sp. Dan Mikoriza Pada Teknik Budidaya Padi (Oryza Sativa) Metode Sri (System Of Rice Intensification). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tingginya tingkat konsumsi beras di Indonesia yang tinggi tidak diimbangi dengan tingkat produksi yang tinggi. Terbukti Indonesia masih mengimpor beras sebanyak 194.495.467 kg. Sedangkan lahan pertanian di Indonesia semakin sempit, sehingga upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi beras adalah dengan intensifikasi pertanian. Salah satu bentuk intensifikasi pertanian adalah penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang terlalu banyak dan terus menerus tanpa diimbangi masukan bahan organik. Hal tersebut dapat menurunkan kualitas tanah. Penelitian ini ditujukan sebagai upaya perbaikan kualitas tanah dengan menggunakan pupuk yang ramah lingkungan serta teknik budidaya yang mampu meningkatkan produksi padi. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan pupuk hayati berupa Azospirillum sp. dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA). Azospirillum sp. adalah bakteri penambat nitrogen (N) non simbiotik. Azospirillum sp. dapat menambat N bebas di udara dan diubah menjadi bentuk tersedia untuk tanaman. FMA merupakan fungi yang bersimbiosis mutualisme dengan akar tanaman. Fungi tersebut dapat meningkatkan serapan unsur hara serta meningkatkan ketersediaan unsur fosfor (P) di dalam tanah. Pupuk hayati tersebut diaplikasikan pada budidaya padi metode SRI (System of Rice Intensification). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui kemampuan Azospirillum sp. dalam meningkatkan serapan nitrogen tanaman padi pada metode SRI. 2) Untuk mengetahui kemampuan FMA dalam meningkatkan serapan fosfor tanaman padi metode SRI. 3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh serapan N dan serapan P tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi pada metode SRI. Penelitian dilakukan di Ds. Bogem, Kec. Gurah, Kab. Kediri dan Laborato-rium Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya dari bulan Februari 2016 – Juni 2016 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Empat perlakuan antara lain ialah K (Kontrol); A (Azospirillum sp. 5lt/ha); M (FMA 20 kg/ha); dan AM (Azospirillum sp. 5lt/ha + FMA 20 kg/ha). Parameter yang diamati adalah pH H2O tanah, C-organik, ammonium (NH4+), nitrat (NO3-), P-tersedia, total bakteri, jumlah spora mikoriza, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, serapan N, serapan P, infeksi akar, gabah per rumpun, dan hasil produksi. Analisis data analisis ragam dan korelasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Genstat dan di uji lanjut dengan BNT 5%. Pemberian Azospirillum sp. secara nyata meningkatkan serapan N tanaman padi sebanyak 26,26% pada perlakuan A (Azospirillum sp. 5lt/ha) dibanding kontrol. Pemberian FMA secara nyata meningkatkan serapan P tanaman padi sebanyak 196,42% pada perlakuan M (FMA 20 kg/ha) dibanding kontrol. Serapan N tanaman mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman padi sebesar 95% dan jumlah anakan sebesar 95%. Serapan N tanaman mempengaruhi produksi padi sebesar 58%. Serapan P tanaman mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman padi sebesar 20% dan jumlah anakan sebesar 17%. Serapan P tanaman mempengaruhi produksi padi sebesar 24%.
English Abstract
The high level of rice consumption in Indonesia are not offset by high production level. Indonesia still imports rice as much as 194 495 467 kg. While agricultural land in Indonesia is getting narrower, so the efforts that can made to increase the production of rice is the intensification of agriculture. One component of the intensification of agriculture is the use of inorganic fertilizers are too many and continuously without a balanced input of organic matter. It can reduce soil quality. This study is intended as soil quality improvement efforts by using fertilizers and environmentally friendly farming techniques that can improve rice production. Efforts are being made is with a biological fertilizer in the form of Azospirillum sp. and Arbuscular Mycorrhizas (AM). Azospirillum sp. is a non- symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Azospirillum sp. can fixing free nitrogen in the air and converted into an available nutrient to plants. AM is a mutualistic fungi symbiotic with plant roots. The fungi can increase absorption of nutrients and increase the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil. The biological fertilizer applied to rice cultivation method of SRI (System of Rice Intensification). The aim of this study were 1) to determine the ability of Azospirillum sp. to improving nitrogen uptake of rice plants at SRI. 2) To determine the ability of the FMA in increasing the phosphor uptake of rice plants at SRI. 3) To determine the influence N uptake and P uptake of plants on the growth and production of rice in SRI method. This research was conducted in the village of Bogem, District Gurah, Kediri and Soil Laboratory Brawijaya University from February 2016 - June 2016 using a randomized block design with four treatments and three replications. Four such treatment is K (control); A (Azospirillum sp. 5lt/ha); M (AMF 20 kg/ha); and AM (Azospirillum sp. 5lt/ha + AMF 20 kg/ha). The parameters that observed are pH H2O, C-organik, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), availability P, total bacterial, the number of spores of mycorrhiza, plant height, number of tillers, uptake of N, uptake of P, root infection, grain per clump, and production. Data analysis consisted of analysis of variance and correlation. All statistical analysis were conducted using Genstat with LSD (Least Significance Different) test. Application of Azospirillum sp. were able to increases N uptake significantly of rice plants as much as 26,26% in the treatment A (Azospirillum sp. 5lt/ha) compared to control. Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) were able to increases P uptake significantly of rice plants as much as 196.42% in the treatment M (AMF 20 kg/ha) compared to control. N uptake of plant affect the height of rice plants by 95%. and number of tillers by 95%. N uptake of plant affect rice production by 58%. P uptake of plant affect the height of rice plants by 20%. and number of tillers by 17%. N uptake of plant affect rice production by 24%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/957/051613042 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Jan 2017 14:24 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 00:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131956 |
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