Yunita, CahyaAsihErma (2016) Kajian Tekstur Dan Porositas Tanah Pada Daerah Terdampak Erupsi Gunung Kelud (Studi Kasus Karakteristik Kesuburan Tanah Pasca Erupsi Gunung Kelud). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Erupsi Gunung Kelud tahun 2014 mengeluarkan material vulkanik yang terdiri dari berbagai ukuran dan tersebar di beberapa daerah. Persebaran material vulkanik dipengaruhi oleh angin dan menghasilkan ukuran dan material yang berbeda dari erupsi tersebut. Ukuran dan material yang berbedadiduga mempengaruhi sifat fisik tanah terutama tekstur tanah dan porositas total. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji hubungan antara tekstur tanah dengan porositas total pada daerah terdampak material vulkanik dari erupsi Gunung Kelud. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Pandansari, Ngantang, Kabupaten Malang dan Laboratorium Fisika Tanah, Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai pada September 2015 hingga Januari 2016. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan contoh tanah untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei. Lokasi pengambilan contoh tanah ditentukan oleh faktor posisi lereng dan penggunaan lahan. Terdapat 3posisi lereng pada lokasi penelitian yaitu lereng atas, tengah dan bawah. Sementara itu, penggunaan lahan di lokasi penelitian terdiri dari semak belukar, hutan produksi (Mahoni) dan tegalan. Dari kedua faktor tersebut didapatkan kombinasi antara posisi lereng dan penggunaan lahan yaitu lereng atas dengan semakbelukar (LaS), lereng tengah dengan semak belukar (LtS), lereng bawah dengan hutan produksi (Mahoni) (LbM) dan lereng bawah dengan tegalan (LbT). Pengambilan contoh tanah pada setiap kombinasi lokasi tersebut diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Masing-masing ulangan diaplikasikan 20x100 m2 tiap plot. Setiap plot dibagi menjadi 2 sub-plot (duplot), dimana pada masing-masing sub-plot diambil contoh tanahnya. Contoh tanah diambil pada 3 lapisan dari profil tanah. Analisa tanah yang dilakukan meliputi tekstur tanah, berat isi, porositas total dan sebaran pori tanah. Uji statistik dilakukanan menggunakan standar deviasi dan korelasi-regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material vulkanik baru (lapisan 1 dan 2) yang menutup lapisan tanah sebelum erupsi Gunung Kelud. Material vulkanik berpengaruh pada keragaman karakteristik tanah di lokasi penelitian. Ketebalan lapisan tanah baik lapisan baru maupun lama beragam di semua lereng. Material vulkanik dengan ukuran yang beragam mempengaruhi tekstur tanah dan porositas total. Tekstur tanah pada lokasi didominasi oleh fraksi pasir. Fraksi pasir untuk lapisan baru dan lapisan lama masing-masing berkisar antara 64–95 % dan 57 – 69 %. Fraksi pasir mempengaruhi porositas total untuk lapisan baru dan lapisan lama. Potositas total untuk lapisan baru dan lapisan lama masing-masing berkisar antara 49– 62 % dan 58–73 %. Hubungan sebaran fraksi pasir terhadap porositas total yaitu berbanding terbalik ditunjukkan dengan nilai korelasi negaif (r = -0,52). Peningkatan fraksi pasir tidak mempengaruhi nilai porositas total (R2 = 0.27). Selain itu, sifat fisik tanah (teksktur tanah, porositas tolal, berat isi dan sebaran pori tanah) pada lapisan baru lebih beragam dibandingkan dengan lapisan lama. Keragaman ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai standar deviasi pada lapisan baru lebih tinggi dari lapisan lama. Pola persebaran material vulkanik cenderung dipengaruhi posisi lereng dan penggunaan lahan.
English Abstract
The eruption of Kelud Mountain in 2014 issued volcanic materials composed of various size and spread in some areas. The spread of the volcanic materials affected by wind and result on the different size and materials exposed from the eruption. The different size and material suspected affect the physical properties of soil, especially in soil texture and porosity. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity of soil texture and porosity on the area affected by volcanic materials of Kelud Mountain eruption. The research was conducted in Pandansari Village, Ngantang, Malang District and Soil Physics Labolatory, Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Implementation of the research began in September 2015 to January 2016. Determination of soil sampling location to answer the research objective is done by survey method. The location of soil sampling determined by slopes position and land use factors. There are 3 position of slope in the study site i.e. the upper slope, middle slope and down slope. Meanwhile, the land use in the study site consist of shrubs, plantation forest (Mahogany) and the dry land. Both of those factors result on combination of the slope position and land use i.e. the upper slope with shrubs (LaS), middle slope with shrubs (LtS), downslope with plantation forest (Mahogany) (LbM) and downslope with dry land (LbT). Soil sampling from any combination of these location was replicated 4 times. Each replication was applied in a 20x100 m2 of plot. Each plot was divided into 2 sub-plot (duplot), where each sub-plot was extracted one soil sample. Soil samples taken from 3 top layers of soil profile. Soil analysis was conducted on soil texture, bulk density, total soil porosity and distribution of pore space. Statistical test was conducted using standard deviation and correlation-regression. The result showed that the new volcanic material (layer 1 and 2) covered the soil layer from previous Mount Kelud eruption. Volcanic material affect the diversity of soil physical properties in the study site. The thickness of soil layer both new and old layers are varied in all slopes. Volcanic materials with diverse sizes affect the soils texture and total porosity. Soil texture at the study site is dominated by sand fraction. Sand fraction from a new and old layer ranges between 65-95 % and 57-69 %, respectively. Sand fraction affect total soil porosity in both new and old layer. The total soil porosity in new and old layer ranges between 49-62 % and 58-73 %, respectively. The relationship between sand fraction distribution and total soil porosity is contrary, shown by the negative value of its correlation (r = - 0,52). Increase in sand fraction distribution is not influence total soil porosity value (R2 = 0,27). In addition, soil physical properties (soil texture, total soil porosity, bulk density and distribution of pore space) at the new layer more diverse compared to the old layer. This diversity is shown by the value of standard deviation on a new layer that is higher than old layers. The pattern of volcanic materials distribution tend to be influenced by slope position and land use.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/926/051612498 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Dec 2016 09:33 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2021 14:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131930 |
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