enampilan Fenotipik 2 Galur Tanaman Padi Hitam (Oriza sativa L.) Hasil Perlakuan Kolkisin

DoniSetiyawan, Moh (2016) enampilan Fenotipik 2 Galur Tanaman Padi Hitam (Oriza sativa L.) Hasil Perlakuan Kolkisin. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanaman padi ialah tanaman pangan yang berasal dari famili Poaceae dan genus Orizae yang mempunyai + 25 spesies yang tersebar di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tanaman padi tersebut mempunyai beras berwarna putih, merah, dan juga hitam. Beras yang memiliki kandungan gizi dan khasiat terbaik ialah beras hitam karena memiliki kandungan antioksidan (antosianin) tertinggi, kadar gula lebih rendah, serat dan vitamin E yang tinggi, namun dalam budidaya padi hitam terdapat kendala dalam keragaman dan umur panen yang lama, oleh karena itu diperlukan keragaman padi hitam untuk proses pemuliaan sehingga didapatkan padi hitam dengan hasil panen yang tinggi dan umur genjah. Salah satu program pemuliaan ialah dengan mutasi. Mutasi dipilih karena keterbatasan keragaman genetik padi hitam. Tujuan dari penelian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan informasi perubahan fenotip pada dua galur padi hitam hasil perendaman larutan kolkisin dengan konsentrasi 250 ppm, 500 ppm dan 750 ppm, kemudian untuk mendapatkan tanaman padi hitam yang mempunyai umur berbunga dan umur panen yang lebih singkat serta untuk mendapatkan tanaman yang mempunyai hasil panen yang lebih baik. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini ialah diduga terdapat perubahan fenotip antara masing-masing perlakuan yang direndam larutan kolkisin dengan konsentrasi 250 ppm, 500 ppm dan 750 ppm dan diduga terdapat tanaman hasil perlakuan kolkisin mempunyai umur berbunga dan umur panen yang lebih singkat serta mempunyai hasil panen yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya dan di Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu dengan suhu minimum 24o C dan suhu maksimum 32o C dengan kelembaban udara sekitar 75 – 98% dan curah hujan rata-rata 875 – 3000 mm per tahun. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Desember 2015. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah cangkul, bak semai, papan label, kamera, meteran, germinator, penggaris, Pantone color chart, beaker glass, magnetic stirer, timbangan analitik, alat tulis, plastik, pipet, sarung tangan latex dan jaring kasa.Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih 2 galur tanaman padi hitam( Ungaran dan Cempo Ireng), kolkisin, DMSO (dimetil sulfoxide), aquades, pasir, pupuk SP36 (36% P2O5), pupuk urea (46% N) serta pupuk KCl (60% K2O). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode Rancangan Blok Tunggal dengan 3 perlakuan konsentrasi (250 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 750 ppm), 2 galur tanaman padi hitam (Ungaran dan Cempo Ireng) dengan total 6 perlakuan yang direndam selama 6 jam dan 2 kontrol. Perlakuan yang dilakukan ialah: U-K0 = Ungaran sebagai kontrol; U-K250 = Ungaran direndam larutan kolkisin 250 ppm; U-K500 = Ungaran direndam larutan kolkisin 500 ppm; U-K750 = Ungaran direndam larutan kolkisin 750 ppm; C-K0 = Cempo Ireng sebagai kontrol; C-K250 = Cempo Ireng direndam larutan kolkisin 250 ppm; C-K500 = Cempo Ireng direndam larutan kolkisin 500 ppm; C-K750 = Cempo Ireng direndam larutan kolkisin 750 ppm. Total tanaman setiap perlakuan ialah 250 bibit. Tanaman ditanam di dalam satu petak sawah yang sama. Variabel pengamatan yang diamati ialah persentase bibit yang tumbuh (%), jumlah anakan (anakan), jumlah daun per rumpun(helai), panjang daun (cm), lebar daun (cm), tinggi tanaman (cm), umur berbunga (hst), umur panen(hst), jumlah anakan produktif (anakan), bobot 100 biji (g), bobot per biji (mg), bobot biji per tanaman (g), dan warna bulir padi (warna beras). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung uji t independent pada karakter kuantitatif untuk mengetahui perbedaan terhadap 2 perlakuan (perendaman dengan kontrol), kurva histogram untuk mengetahui sebaran data dan menentukan tanaman terpilih berdasarkan nilai karakter yang lebih unggul bila dibandingkan kontrol dan penetapan presentase tanaman yang mengalami mutasi bersadarkan nilai setiap individu yang mempunyai nilai yang lebih besar dari nilai maksimal kontrol dan lebih kecil nilai minimal kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kolkisin tidak memberikan pengaruh atau tidak menyebabkan perubahan warna beras pada setiap galur. Umur berbunga dan umur panen mempunyai hasil yang beragam, pada galur ungaran populasi U-K250 dan U-K500 mempunyai umur berbunga dan umur panen yang lebih cepat bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol sedangkan pada galur Cempo Ireng populasi C-K250 mempunyai umur panen yang lebih cepat dan C-K500 mempuyai umur berbunga dan umur panen yang lebih cepat bila dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan U-K250, U-K500, C-K250, C-K500 dan C-K750 mempunyai persentase tanaman hidup yang lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Enam perlakuan kolkisin menghasilkan tanaman yang memiliki karakter yang berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Enam perlakuan yang diberikan mampu menghasilkan tanaman yang diduga mengalami mutasi. Perlakuan yang diberikan menghasilkan individu tanaman yang memiliki karakter jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, lebar daun, jumlah daun per rumpun, jumlah anakan produktif dan berat total biji per tanaman yang lebih unggul bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Perlakuan perendaman bibit padi hitam dengan larutan kolkisin pada konsentrasi 250 ppm, 500 ppm dan 750 ppm memberikan perubahan fenotip yang nyata bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol, pada galur Ungaran perlakuan U-K500 mampu menurunkan umur panen dan umur berbunga diikuti oleh perlakuan U-K250, sedangkan pada galur Cempo Ireng perlakuan C-K500 mampu menurunkan umur panen dan umur berbunga diikuti oleh perlakuan C-K250 dan C-K750 dan peningkatan hasil produksi diperoleh dari perlakuan U-K250 pada individu nomor 6 dan 53 serta pada populasi C-K250 pada individu nomor 4.

English Abstract

Paddy is a crop belong to Poaceae family and genus Orizae which have ± 25 species spread in the tropics and subtropics. Rice are spread has white, red, and black color of grain. Black rice contain the best nutrient because it contains the highest antioxidants (anthocyanins), low sugar, high fiber and vitamin E, but the black rice cultivation has some obstacles in the crop diversity and have a long time of harvest. Therefore we need the diversity of black rice for breeding process to obtain the black rice with high yield and early maturity. One of breeding program is mutation. Mutations selected because of limited genetic diversity of black rice. The purpose of this research is to obtain information of phenotypic changes in two lines of black rice as a result of soaking treatment with colchicine solution concentration 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm, then to get the black rice which has a shorter flowering day and harvesting day and to get the plants which has better yields and to obtain individual plants with better characters than controls. The hypothesis of this research is suspected there are changes in phenotype in each treatment were soaked colchicine solution with a concentration of 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm and the colchicine treatment can produce some plant which have shorter flowering and harvest day and has better yields. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Bioteknology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya and at Junrejo, Batu city with an average rainfall of 875 - 3000 mm year-1 and a temperature of 24 - 32o C. This research was conducted in June until December 2015. The tools have been used in this research are a hoe, tub seedlings, board labels, camera, meter, ruler, Pantone color chart, beaker glass, magnetic stirrer, analytical balance, stationery, plastic, pipette, latex gloves and gauze nets. Materials have been used in this research are black rice seeds, colchicine, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), distilled water, sand, SP36 (36% P2O5), urea (46% N) and KCl (60% K2O). This research was used Single Block Design with 3 treatment of concentration (250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm), two lines of black rice (Ungaran and Cempo Ireng) with a total of 6 treatments were soaked for 6 hours and 2 controls. The treatments are: U-K0 = Ungaran as controls; U-K250 = Ungaran soaked colchicine solution of 250 ppm; U-K500 = Ungaran soaked in a solution of colchicine 500 ppm; U-K750 = Ungaran soaked in a solution of colchicine 750 ppm; C-K0 = Cempo Ireng as controls; C-K250 = Cempo Ireng soaked colchicine solution of 250 ppm; C-K500 = Cempo Ireng soaked colchicine solution of 500 ppm; C-K750 = Cempo Ireng soaked colchicine solution 750 ppm. The plant were treated in each line is 250 seedling. Paddy was planted in the same field. Plants grown in the same rice fields. Observation variable have been observed is percentage of seed are growing (%), number of tillers (tillers), number of leaves per clump (leaf), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), plant height (cm), flowering day (dap) , harvesting day (dap), number of productive tillers (tillers), weight of 100 seeds (g), weight per seed (mg), weight of seed per plant (g) and color of grain. Data analysis was calculated with independent t test on quantitative characters to know differences between two treatments (soaking treatment and control), using histogram curve to know the distribution of data and selected and mutated plants are selected based on the value of the character compared with controls. The results showed no effect of colchicine treatment or does not cause change in color of rice for each lines. Flowering and harvesting day had varying results, the population of Ungaran for U-K250 and U-K500 have a faster flowering day and harvesting day when compared with control while Cempo Ireng population of C-K250 have a faster hasversting day and C-K500 have a faster flowering and harvesting day than controls. The treatment U-K250, U-K500, C-K250, C-K500 and C-K750 have a shorter percentage of seed are growing than control. The result of colchicine treatment between six treatment with each control is significant different. Colchicine treatment can produce a plant which suspected as mutated plant. Colchicine treatment can produce a plant which have a better than control for number of tillers, number of leaves per clump, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, flowering day, harvesting day, number of productive tillers, and weight of seed per plant. The conclution of this research is the colchicine treatment for black rice seedling with a colchicine solution at concentration 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm showed a significanly different of phenotype compared with control, The Ungaran line on treatment of U-K500 can decreased the harvesting day and flowering day followed by treatment of U-K250, and in Cempo Ireng line the treatment of C-K500 can decreased the harvesting day and flowering day followed by treatment of C-K250 and C-K750 and increasing production yields obtained from the treatment of U-K250 at plant numbers 6 and 53 and the treatment of C-K250 at plant numbers 4.

Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number: SKR/FP/2016/741/051609428
Subjects: 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting
Divisions: Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian
Depositing User: Sugiantoro
Date Deposited: 10 Feb 2017 14:29
Last Modified: 19 Oct 2021 06:49
URI: http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131756
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