IntanErikaJulianti (2016) Uji Daya Hasil Buncis (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Polong Kuning Generasi F6 Pada Dataran Tinggi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ialah sayuran buah yang termasuk dalam famili Leguminosae. Kacang buncis tergolong dalam sayuran dengan sumber protein cukup tinggi dan murah sehingga masyarakat Indonesia dari semua golongan dapat mengkonsumsinya. Kebutuhan dan permintaan buncis diperkirakan akan terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk. Perbaikan daya hasil melalui program pemuliaan tanaman telah banyak dilakukan. Persilangkan varietas introduksi Cherokee Sun yang berpolong kuning dan varietas lokal Surakarta (Mantili, Gilik Ijo, dan Gogo Kuning) yang berdaya hasil tinggi digunakan untuk pembentukan populasi dasar buncis polong kuning. Saat ini, seleksi terhadap turunan dari hasil persilangan ini telah mencapai generasi F5. Seleksi generasi F5 menghasilkan tiga galur buncis terpilih sehingga pengujian daya hasil dapat dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya hasil beberapa galur buncis berpolong kuning generasi F6 yang ditanam pada dataran tinggi. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat satu atau lebih galur buncis berpolong kuning generasi F6 yang memiliki daya hasil lebih tinggi daripada varietas pembanding. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Patok, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang dengan ketingggian tempat ± 1.100 m dpl pada bulan Januari – Mei 2016. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi alat pertanian dalam bercocok tanam, meteran, ajir bambu, mulsa plastik hitam perak (MPHP), timbangan analitik, papan label, jangka sorong, kamera, dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pupuk kandang atau kompos, pupuk urea, pupuk SP-36, pupuk KCl, dan pestisida. Bahan tanam yang digunakan adalah tiga galur buncis berpolong kuning generasi F6 (CSxGK 50-0-24, CSxGI 63-0-24, dan CSxGI 63-33-31), tiga tetua dari galur buncis generasi F6 (Cherokee sun, Gilikijo, Gogo kuning), dan satu varietas pembanding (Lebat 3). Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) satu faktor dengan 7 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak empat kali sehingga terdapat 28 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah karakter kuantitatif yaitu umur awal berbunga (hst), umur awal panen (hst), jumlah klaster per tanaman, jumlah polong per klaster, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong (cm), diameter polong (cm), jumlah biji per polong, bobot per polong (g), bobot polong per tanaman (g). Pengamatan karakter kualitatif yaitu tipe pertumbuhan warna standart bunga, warna dasar polong, warna utama biji, dan derajat kelengkungan polong. Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan analisis ragam F pada taraf 5%, heritabilitas (h2), dan koefisien keragaman genetik (KKG). Apabila hasil dari analisis ragam F berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT 5%. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa galur buncis berpengaruh nyata pada semua karakter pengamatan. Galur CSxGI 63-33-31 memiliki rerata berat total polong per tanaman yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas Lebat 3 yaitu sebesar 786,98 gram. Galur CSxGK 50-0-24 dan CSxGI 63-33-31 menunjukkan keseragaman pada karakter kualitatif yaitu tipe pertumbuhan, warna dasar polong, warna standart bunga, dan warna utama biji. Keragaman karakter kualitatif masih terlihat pada galur CSxGI 63-0-24 terutama pada karakter warna dasar polong, warna standart bunga, dan warna utama biji. Heritabilitas arti luas dalam galur buncis generasi F6 menunjukkan nilai rendah pada hampir semua karakter pengamatan. Koefisien keragaman genetik ketiga galur buncis generasi F6 menunjukkan nilai rendah pada semua karakter pengamatan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dalam galur sudah kecil atau populasi tersebut sudah seragam.
English Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgarwas L.) was a fruit vegetable that belongs to the family Leguminosae. Common beans known as vegetable with high source of protein and had a low price so Indonesian people from all classes can consume. The need and demand for common common beans were expected to increase in line with population growth. Improvement of yield through plant breeding programs have been carried out. Hibridization between introduced varieties Cherokee Sun with yellow pod color and local varieties of Surakarta (Mantili, Gilik Ijo, and Gogo Kuning) with high yield character were used for forming the base population of yellow pod common beans. The result of the crossing was expected to have better quality than the parents. Currently, the selection of those crossing had reach F5 generations. Selection of F5 generation produces three common beans lines selected so the test of yield can be done. The aim of this study was to know the potential yield of F6 generation yellow pod common beans grown in the highlands. The hypothesis of this study was there are one or more F6 generation yellow pod common beans lines that has higher yield than the comparator varieties. Research was conducted in the Patok village, Pujon, Malang with altitude 1.100 m asl from January to May 2016. The tools used in this study include the cultivation of agricultural equipment, meter, bamboo stakes, mulch, analytical scale, board labels, calipers, camera, and stationery, Materials used in the research was manure or compost, urea, SP-36, KCl, pesticides. Planting materials used were three lines F6 generation yellow pod common beans (CSxGK 50-0-24, CSxGI 63-0-24, and CSxGI 63-33-31), three parental (Cherokee sun, Gogo kuning, and Gilik ijo), and one comparator varieties (Lebat 3). The research method used in this study was a randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatment was repeated four times so there were 28 units of the experiment. The quantitative observations characters was day of flowering (DAP), day of harvest (DAP), number of cluster per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), pods diameter (cm), number of seeds per pod, weight per pod (g), weight of pods per plant (g). The qualitative observations character was growth type, standard color of flowers, pods basic color, the main color of the seeds, and the curve of the pod. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed by analysis of variance F at 5% level, heritability (h2), Genotypic coefficient of Variation (GCV), and Phenotypic coefficient of Variation (PCV). If the results of analysis variance F significantly different then followed by LSD test at 5% level. Analysis of variance showed that the lines of common beans significantly different on all quantitative characters. The mean of total weight of pods per plant on CSxGI 63-33-31 lines which was 786.98 grams were higher than comparator varieties. CSxGK 50-0-24 and CSxGI 63-33-31 show uniformity in the qualitative character which was growth type, standard color of flowers, pods basic color, the main color of the seeds. The variation of qualitative characters still showed on CSxGI 63-0-24 lines especially on standard color of flowers, pods basic color, the main color of the seeds character. Broad heritability in F6 generation common beans lines showed a low value in almost all the characters observations. The genotypic coefficient of variation in lines of F6 generation showed low values in all of the characters observations. It shows that the genetic variation in the lines was small or the population was already uniform.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/669/051609356 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2016 14:42 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 15:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131677 |
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