Siswanto, Joko (2016) Populasi Hama Lamprosema Indicata Dan Parasitoidnya Pada Pertanaman Kedelai Edamame. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedelai Glycine max L. memiliki posisi strategis dalam ketahanan pangan sebagai sumber protein nabati dan bahan makanan olahan bermutu tinggi bagi kesehatan manusia. Jenis kedelai salah satunya adalah edamame. Edamame dikenal sebagai kedelai sayur dan memiliki genus yang sama dengan kedelai biasa yaitu Glycine. Varietas edamame polongnya lebih besar.Salah satu hama penting yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada tanaman kedelai edamame yaitu L. indicata. Hama ini mempunyai musuh alami yaitu dari golongan parasitoid. Sebaran populasi L. indicata dan musuh alaminya di beberapa ketinggian tempat diperlukan informasinya lebih lanjut pada pertanaman kedelai edamame. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengkaji populasi hama dan parasitoid L. indicata pada pertanaman kedelai edamame di tiga ketinggian tempat yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2015 di lahan pertanaman kedelai edamame Kabupaten Jember Jawa Timur, Laboratorium PTPN X Kabupaten Jember dan Sub Laboratorium Entomologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Pengamatan L. indicata dan parasitoidnya dilakukan di tiga lokasi yaitu di Purwoasri (12 m DPL), Sebanen (814 m DPL) dan Karangbireuh (1295 m DPL). Pada setiap lokasi pertanaman kedelai edamame dibuat plot besar dengan luas 1 ha. Pada plot besar dibuat 4 sub plot. Penentuan sub plot ditentukan secara acak dengan masing - masing berukuran 10 x 10 m. Pada setiap sub plot ditetapkan lima transek dengan panjang 10 m dan jarak antar transek 1 m. Transek digunakan sebagai unit pengambilan contoh populasi L. indicata. Pengamatan populasi larva L. indicata dilakukan pada saat tanaman kedelai edamame berumur 8-57 HST dengan frekuensi pengamatan satu minggu sekali. Pengambilan larva yang terparasit dilakukan pada saat pengamatan populasi L. indicata. Larva L. indicata yang sudah diparasit mempunyai ciri – ciri larva berwarna kuning kecoklatan dan kokon parasitoid menempel pada larva. Larva yang sudah terparasit tersebut diamati hingga keluar menjadi imago parasitoid. Selain itu dilakukan pemasangan perangkap panci kuning. Perangkap dipasang pada saat tanaman kedelai edamame berumur 8-57 HST dengan interval pemasangan satu minggu sekali, dipasang pada sore hari pukul 15.30 WIB selama 24 jam. Perangkap panci kuning dipasang pada sub plot pengamatan. Setiap sub plot terdiri dari empat perangkap panci kuning. Serangga yang terdapat dalam perangkap panci kuningkemudian dipisah dan dipilih serangga parasitoidnya. Data populasi L. indicata dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5%. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata populasi L. indicata di Purwoasri lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Sebanen dan Karangbireuh. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh faktor suhu lingkungan. Suhu lingkungan di Purwoasri lebih tinggi yaitu 25 – 260C sedangkan di Sebanen dan Karangbireuh yaitu 22 – 240C. Suhu lingkungan yang tinggi memudahkan hama L. indicata untuk berkembangbiak. Hal ini sesuai dengan rerata populasi L. indicata yang menunjukkan bahwa di Purwoasri 11,98 larva/100 tanaman sedangkan Sebanen 1,24 larva/100 tanaman dan Karangbireuh 2,23 larva/100 tanaman. Fluktuasi populasi L. indicata di Purwoasri, Sebanen dan Karangbireuh terjadi mulai umur tanaman 15 – 43 HST. Di Purwoasri pada umur tanaman 36 HST mengalami peningkatan tertinggi sedangkan di Sebanen dan Karangbireuh peningkatan tertinggi terjadi pada umur tanaman 27 HST. Populasi L. indicata diketiga lokasi pada umur 43 HST cenderung stabil dan mengalami penurunan. Parasitoid L. indicata yang ditemukan di semua lokasi pengamatan pada pertanaman kedelai edamame yaitu parasitoid larva dari Famili Braconidae. Famili ini mendominasi di tiga lokasi dengan rerata 28,00 imago/perangkap. Selain Famili Braconidae, parasitoid yang ditemukan pada perangkap panci kuning yaitu Famili Pteromalidae, Diapriidae, Eulophidae, Mymaridae dan satu genus yaitu Entomacis sp. .
English Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) has the strategic position in food security as the vegetable protein source and good for human health. One of the soybean types is edamame. It is known as the vegetable soybean and has the same genus as common soybean i.e. Glycine. The pods of edamame variety are bigger than common soybean. One of the key pests of edamame plants is L. indicata. There are known several parasitoid on L. indicata.The population distribution of L. indicata and its natural enemies in edamame plantation is needed for managing this pest population. Therefore a study of the population of pest L. indicata and its parasitoids of the edamame planting in three different altitudes was elucidated. The research was conducted since May to September 2015 at edamame plantation of Jember Regency, East Java province Indonesia and the Laboratory of PTPN X of Jember Regency. The collected insect samples were taken and observed at Entomological Sub-Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease Department, Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang. The observation of L. indicata and its parasitoids was conducted in three locations i.e. Purwoasri (12 m above sea level), Sebanen (814 m above sea level) and Karangbireuh (1295 m above sea level). In each edamame planting location, one big plot of 1 ha was made. Four sub-plots (10 x 10 m) were randomly taken at the big plot. In each sub-plot was taken five of 10 m long and 1 m distant transects. Transects were used as L. indicata population sampling unit. L. indicata larval population observation was conducted at 8 – 57 days old of edamame once a week. The parasitized larva were picked it up when conducting the L. indicata population observation. The parasitized L. indicata larvae had the characteristics of brownish yellow in color and being colonized by parasitoid pupae. The parasitized larvae were observed until parasitoid adult eclosion. Yellow pan traps were installed since 8 until 57 days old edamame in each subplot. The yellow pan traps were observed once a week. Installed at 3.30 in the afternoon for 24 hours. The insect parasitoids found in the yellow pan traps were collected separatly. The L. indicata population data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at the error level of 5%, then continued with Least Significance Difference (LSD) at the error level of 5%. The research results showed that the mean population of L. indicata in Purwoasri was higher than those of Sebanen and Karangbireuh. It was caused by the environmental temperature factor. The temperature at Purwoasri was higher i.e. 25 – 26ºC while in Sebanen and Karangbireuh was 22 – 24ºC. The higher temperature would be suitable for the reproduction of L. indicata. It was proved by the mean population of L. indicatawas 11.98 larvae/100 plants while in Sebanen and Karangbireuh were 1.24 larvae/100 plants and 2.23 larvae/100 plants, respectively. The fluctuate population of L. indicata in Purwoasri, Sebanen and Karangbireuh existed from 15 – 43 days after planting. The highest population in Purwoasri occurred at 36 days after planting, while in Sebanen and Karangbireuh, it did at 27 days after planting. The L. indicata population in three locations at 43 days after planting showed a stable and start to decrease The larval parasitoids of L. indicata found in all the locations of the edamame plantation the parasitoid was belong to Braconidae. This family dominated in three locations with the mean being 28.00 imagos/trap. Beside Braconid which were catched by yellow pan traps there were Pteromalid, Diapriid, Eulophid, Mymarid and Entomacis sp.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/278/ 051606251 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2016 09:47 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2016 09:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131262 |
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