Azizah, Nur (2016) Usaha Perbaikan Sifat Fisik Bahan Letusan Gunung Kelud Melalui Aplikasi Daun Jagung Dan Tanaman Pionir. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Letusan Gunung Kelud tahun 2014 bersifat eksplosif. Desa Pandansari, menjadi desa terkena dampak paling parah dengan ketebalan abu 20-30 cm. Lahan pasca erupsi tidak dapat langsung digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian karena kemampuan menyimpan air rendah dan agregat tanah belum terbentuk. Penelitian sebelumnya pada reklamasi lahan pasca erupsi Gunung Merapi dengan menggunakan rumput zoysia dan bahan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap BI, pori air tersedia dan indeks agregat. Sehingga dilakukan penelitian aplikasi daun jagung dan tanaman pionir (Arachis pintoi, Pennisetum purpureum dan Tithonia diversifolia) pada bahan letusan dengan ketebalan 30 cm sebagai upaya reklamasi lahan terkena dampak erupsi Gunung Kelud. Tanaman pionir yang digunakan memiliki kecepatan tumbuh berbeda, umumnya tumbuh di area Gunung Kelud. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penambahan daun jagung dan penanaman tiga jenis tanaman pionir, serta kombinasi keduanya dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik bahan letusan Gunung Kelud. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan membuat plot percobaan. Penelitian Lapangan dilakukan dari bulan Maret-Oktober 2015 dilanjutkan analisis laboratorium sampai bulan Februari 2016. Ukuran pot pada plot percobaan dengan panjang 50 cm, lebar 50 cm dan tinggi 40 cm, ketebalan bahan letusan dalam pot 30 cm. Dosis daun jagung yang digunakan sebesar 375 gram/pot. Metode penelitian menggunakan RAKF (Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial) dengan faktor perbedaan jenis tanaman dan dosis bahan organik, menggunakan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang dianalisis yaitu BI, porositas, kemantapan agregat, air tersedia dan C-Organik, yang dilakukan pada awal dan enam bulan setelah aplikasi. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysys of Variance (ANOVA), selanjutnya dilakukan analisis pada Matriks Korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan daun jagung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap C-Organik, meningkatkan C-Organik sebesar 0,04 % pada perlakuan BZMT0. BO tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada sifat fisik bahan letusan namun cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol, menurunkan BI 0,15 g/cm3, meningkatkan porositas 6,85 %, meningkatkan jumlah air tersedia 2,77 % dan meningkatkan indeks DMR 5,1. Penanaman tanaman pionir berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan BI dan peningkatan porositas bahan letusan. Rumput gajah adalah tanaman pionir yang memiliki pengaruh paling baik. Kombinasi perlakuan menunjukkan hasil paling baik pada BZMTPP, menurunkan BI 0,33 g/cm3, meningkatkan porositas 13,14 %, meningkatkan jumlah air tersedia 3,05 % volume dan mempercepat pembentukan agregat dari kriteria kurang stabil menjadi agak stabil.
English Abstract
The eruption of Mount Kelud in 2014 was explosive. Pandansari is the most severely affected village with ash thickness of 20-30 cm. Pyroclastic material from an eruption may cause soil compaction, and low porosity. Therefore, the land affected by the eruption can not be directly used for agriculture. Previous research on land reclamation of Mount Merapi eruption using Zoysia grass and organic matter shows that significantly affect the bulk density, available water pores, the aggregate index, and soil aggregation. Inspired by the previous research, the researcher conducted a research about the application of organic matter from maize leaves and pioneer plants (Arachis pintoi, Pennisetum purpureum and Tithonia diversifolia) on the eruption materials with a thickness of 30 cm as reclamation efforts affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. Pioneer plants used are pioneer plants grow at different speeds, generally grow on lands affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of addition maize leaves and planting three varieties pioneer plants, as well as a combination of both to improve the physical characteristics of Mount Kelud eruption materials. The research was conducted experimentally by making experimental plot. Field research was conducted from March to October 2015 and the next step, which was laboratory analysis, was conducted until February 2016. The size of the pot on experimental plots with a length of 50 cm, width 50 cm and height 40 cm, thickness of volcanic ash in the pot 30 cm. Maize leaves used dose was 375 g/pot. The research method used was Randomized Block Design Factorial by two factor, different varieties of pioneer plants and the dose of organic matter, using three replications. The physical characteristic analyzed are BD, porosity, aggregate stability, water available and C-Organic, as the basic analysis and result analysis in six months after the application. The data were then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and analyzed further by using Matrix Correlation. The results showed the addition of maize leaves significantly affect the C-Organic as it increased the value by 0,04 % in BZMT0 treatment. Organic materials had no significant effect on the physical characteristic of the eruption materials but the effect was better than the control as it decreased the BD by 0,15 %, increased the porosity by 6,85 %, increased the amount of water available by 2,77 % and accelerated the DMR index 1,51. The planting of pioneer plants significantly decreases the value of BD and increased the porosity of the eruption materials. Pennisetum purpureum is pioneer plants that give the most excellent effect. The combined treatment showed superior results on BZMTPP, as it decreased the value of BD by 0,33 g/cm3, increased the porosity by 13,14 %, increased the amount of water available by 3,05 % volume, and accelerated agregates criteria from unstable to be stable enough.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/258/ 051606231 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2016 09:58 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2016 09:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131240 |
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