Rahabistara, Abiyasa (2016) Daya Antagonis Beauveria Bassiana, Metarhizium Anisopliae Dan Lecanicillium Lecanii (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Terhadap Jamur Patogen Tular Tanah Fusarium Sp. Secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Fusarium sp.merupakan jamur patogen tular tanah penyebab penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman tomat. Layu fusarium merupakan penyakit penting pada budidaya tomat, dimana kerugian yang ditimbulkan dapat mencapai 20-30%. Patogen Fusarium sp.dapat menular melalui tanah dan bahan tanam yang berasal dari tanaman sakit serta dapat menginfeksi tanaman inang melalui luka pada perakaran. Patogen ini mampu bertahan di dalam tanah dalam jangka waktu lama dalam bentuk klamidospora meskipun tidak terdapat tanaman inang. Salah satu upaya yang dapat digunakan dalam mengendalikan penyakit ini yaitu menggunakan agens hayati berupa jamur patogen serangga. Jamur patogen serangga yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan serangga hama ternyata juga memiliki kemampuan untuk mengendalikan patogen tanaman, terutama yang disebabkan oleh patogen tular tanah. Di alam, jamur patogen serangga dapat hidup secara jamur endofit pada perakaran tanaman, sehingga keberadaan jamur patogen serangga pada perakaran tanaman dapat menekan mikroorganisme yang ada di dalam tanah seperti patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan daya antagonis B. bassiana, M. anisopliae dan L. lecanii terhadap Fusarium sp.secara in vitro.Hipotesis penelitian ini yaitu L. lecaniimemiliki persentase daya hambattertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan koloni patogen Fusarium sp dan masing-masing jamur patogen seranggadiindikasikan memiliki mekanisme antagonis yang berbeda terhadap Fusarium sp.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikologi dan Nematologi,Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan April-21 Oktober 2015. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu kontrol Fusarium sp. (K1), kontrol B. bassiana (K2), kontrol M. anisopliae (K3), kontrol L. lecanii (K4), penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium sp.oleh B. bassiana(P1), penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium sp.oleh M. anisopliae(P2), dan penghambatan pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium sp.oleh L. Lecanii (P3). Data yang diperoleh dianalisa menggunakan analisa ragam (uji F) pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila hasil analisa ragam berbeda nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pada parameter pertumbuhan jamur patogen tular tanahFusarium sp. dan persentase daya hambat, jamur patogen serangga L. lecanii dapat menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. dan memiliki persentase daya hambat tertinggi yaitu 65,1%, sedangkanB. bassiana dan M. anisopliaememiliki persentase daya hambat yang relatif sama yaitu 43,87% dan 43,06% pada 7 hsi. Bentuk mekanisme antagonis B. bassiana dan M. anisopliae terhadap Fusarium sp. diindikasikanantibiosis, sedangkan mekanisme antagonis L. lecanii terhadap Fusarium sp. diindikasikankompetisi.
English Abstract
Fusarium sp. is a soil-borne pathogenic fungi that caused fusarium wilt on tomatoes. It is an important disease in tomato cultivation, that causedyield losses from 20 to 30%. Pathogen Fusarium sp. can be transmitted through the soil and planting material derived from infected plants and it can infect host plants through wounds on roots. It can be survive in the soil for a long time by forming chlamydospores, even thoughthere are’thost plants. One effort that can be used to control thepathogen is using biological agents entomopathogenic fungi. Entomopathogenic fungi which have only utilized to control various insect pests, also has the ability to control plant pathogens, especially caused by soil-borne pathogens. On nature, the entomopathogenic fungi is an endophytic fungi that associated with plant roots, so the presence of entomopathogenic fungi on plant roots can suppress the harmfull microorganisms that infect through the roots plants, such as soil-borne pathogens. This study is aimed to compared the antagonisticcapability of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and L. lecanii against soil-borne pathogen Fusarium sp. in vitro. The hypothesis of this study is L. lecanii had the highest percentage of inhibition against mycelial growth ofFusarium sp. and each entomopathogenic fungi is indicated had the different antagonistic mechanism against Fusarium sp. The research is conducted at the Laboratory of Mycology and Nematology, Department of Pests and Diseases Management, Brawijaya University, Malangon April to 21 October 2015. The research is used completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 5 replicates,there arecontrol of Fusarium sp. (K1), control of B. bassiana (K2), control of M. anisopliae (K3), control of L. lecanii (K4), mycelial growth inhibition byB. bassiana (P1), mycelial growth inhibition byM. anisopliae (P2), and mycelial growth inhibition byL. lecanii (P3). The obtained data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (F test) at 5% error level. If the results of analysis of variance is significantly different, then it’s tested used the least significant difference test(LSD) at 5% error level. From the results and discussions, on growth parameters of soil-borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. and the inhibition percentage of entomopathogenic fungi against Fusarium sp., the entomopathogenic fungiL. lecaniicould suppress the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp. and it had the highest percentage of inhibition 65,1%, while B. bassiana and M. anisopliaehadrelatively same at the percentage of inhibition43,87% and 43,06% at 7 days after inoculations. The antagonistic mechanism of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against Fusarium sp. wereindicated antibiosis, whereas the antagonistic mechanism of L. lecanii against Fusarium sp. wasindicated competition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2016/210/ 051605250 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jun 2016 09:29 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jun 2016 09:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/131189 |
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