Hidayatulah, MochamadArif (2015) Pengaruh Aplikasi Fungsida (Bahan Aktif : Benalaxyl 8% Dan Mancozeb 65%) Terhadap Keanekaragaman Jamur Endofit Pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung merupakan salah satu bahan pangan alternatif setelah padi yang berada di Indonesia. Selain itu, jagung juga dimanfaatkan sebagai komponen utama (60 %) dalam pembuatan ransum pakan ternak. Permintaan produksi jagung setiap tahunnya terus meningkat, akan tetapi kebutuhan produksinya terus menurun. Salah satu penyebab turunnya produksi jagung yaitu serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian yang sangat besar bagi petani seperti penyakit bulai yang disebabkan oleh Peronosclerospora maydis, penyakit karat yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia sorghi, penyakit Sekarang ini, hampir semua petani menggunakan fungisida untuk mengendalikan penyakit pada tanaman jagung. Tetapi, tidak semua fungisida efektif untuk mengendalikan penyakit, hanya 20 persen fungisida mampu mengendalikan penyakit. Akumulasi residu fungisida akan mengakibatkan pencemaran lahan pertanian dan lingkungan. Salah satu nya yaitu menurunnya keanekaragaman jamur endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Fungsida bahan Aktif : Benalaxyl 8% dan Mancozeb 65% terhadap keanekaragaman jamur endofit pada tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari – Mei 2015. Aplikasi fungisida diaplikasikan setiap minggu mulai 24 sampai 60 HST. Eksplorasi jamur endofit diambil dari daun dan batang tanaman jagung saat umur 14,34 dan 60 HST. Isolasi jamur endofit diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi jamur dengan menggunakan buku panduan Barnet and Hunter (1998), and Wattanabe (2002). Selanjutnya, dilakukan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman,dominasi dan keseragaman. Jamur endofit yang ditemukan dari pengambilan sampel saat umur 14 HST yaitu 13 genus, umur 34 HST yaitu 11 genus dan umur 60 HST yaitu 9 genus. Nilai keanekaragaman jamur endofit pada pengambilan sampel saat umur 14 HST antara 2,079 – 2,303, umur 34 HST antara 2,079 – 3,526 dan umur 60 HST antara 2,944 – 3,466. Pada perlakuan kontrol, nilai indeks keanekaragaman jamur tergolong tinggi, tetapi pada perlakuan yang terpengaruh fungisida terjadi penurunan indeks keanekaragaman jamur endofit. Nilai indeks dominasi setiap pengambilan sampel tergolong rendah yakni 0,14 – 0,27. Sedangkan, untuk indeks keseragaman pada setiap pengambilan sampel tergolong tinggi yakni 1,06 – 1,78.
English Abstract
Maize is one of the alternative food after rice in Indonesia. Furthermore, maize is also used as a main component (60%) of animal feed in the manufacture. The demand of maize production is continue to increase each year, but the production tends to decrease. One of the main problem of decrasing maize production is attack of pest and disease which make a huge losses for the farmers, such as downy mildew caused by Peronosclerospora maydis, rust caused by Puccinia sorghi, and maize smut caused by Ustilago maydis Nowaday, almost all farmers still use fungicides to control the diseases. However, not all of those fungicides are efective to control the diseases, only about 20 percents of fungicides used are effectively control the diseases. The accumulation of fungicide residues in the environment makes contamination in agricultural land, and decrease the endophytic microorganisms diversity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of benalaxyl 8% and mancozeb 65% fungicides application on the diversity of endophytic fungi on maize. This study was conducted in Mycology Laboratorium, Pest and Disease Departement, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University started from January until May 2015. The application of fungicides was conducted every week on 14 to 60 days old maize. Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and stems on 14,39 and 60 days old maize. The isolated endophytic fungi were then identified based on their morphology characters using Barnet and Hunter (1998), and Wattanabe (2002) methods. Biodiversity index, dominance and uniformity of isolated endophytic fungi were also evaluated. It was 13 genus of endophytic fungi isolated from 14 days old maize, 11 genus of endophytic fungi isolated from 39 days old maize and 9 genus of endophytic fungi isolated from 60 days old maize. The diversity index of endophytic fungi isolated from 14 days was 2.079 - 2.303, isolated from 39 days old maize was 2,079 – 3,526 and isolated from 60 days old maize was 2,944 – 3,466. The diversity index was high in the control plant. However, diversity index was decreased in the plant treated by fungicide. The dominance index value of each sample was relatively low, i.e, 0.14 to 0.27. For uniformity index in every each sample was relatively high at 1.06 to 1.78.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/741/ 051507734 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Oct 2015 14:06 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2015 14:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130779 |
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