Amalia, Prita (2018) Distribusi Dan Populasi Cecidochares Connexa Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) Serta Parasitoidnya Di Kawasan Gunung Arjuno Dan Gunung Bromo, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Di Indonesia, Chromolaena odorata merupakan gulma penting di padang pengembalaan dan perkebunan. Gulma ini berupa semak berkayu dan membentuk kelompok. Salah satu pengendalian secara biologi C. odorata yaitu dengan mengintroduksi Cecidochares connexa pada tahun 1993 dari Columbia oleh Balai Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Marihat, Sumatera Utara dan memperoleh izin pelepasan pada tahun 1995 oleh Menteri Pertanian. C. connexa merupakan lalat pembentuk puru batang pada C. odorata. Namun, upaya untuk mengatasi gulma C. odorata dengan cara pengendalian biologi menggunakan C. connexa cenderung kurang berhasil. Hal ini disebabkan adanya musuh alami dari lalat C. connexa yaitu predator dan parasitoid. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dan populasi dari C. connexa serta parasitoidnya pada berbagai ketinggian tempat dan tipe penggunaan lahan di sekitar kawasan Gunung Arjuno dan Gunung Bromo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling yaitu menentukan lokasi yang ditemukan C. odorata pada berbagai ketinggian tempat (500 mdpl hingga 1000 mdpl) dan tipe penggunaan lahan berbeda di Kawasan Gunung Arjuno dan Bromo. Pengambilan puru C. connexa dan parasitoidnya dilakukan pada sembilan transek berdasarkan keberadaan C. odorata. Di setiap transek keberadaan C. odorata dihitung populasinya dan dicatat tipe penggunaan lahan dan koordinat lokasinya. Batang atau tangkai C. odorata yang terdapat puru C. connexa diambil kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam wadah dan diberi label. Puru C. connexa yang diperoleh, dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diamati kemunculan imago lalat C. connexa dan parasitoidnya. Imago yang muncul baik C. connexa dan parasitoidnya dilakukan identifikasi dengan menggunakan mikroskop binokuler di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa C. odorata dapat tumbuh di berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan, meliputi lahan kosong, agroforestry, tegalan, kebun, perumahan, sawah dan pinggir jalan. C. odorata lebih banyak ditemukan di lahan kosong dibandingkan dengan tipe penggunaan lahan lainnya. Keberadaan C. odorata diikuti pula dengan keberadaan lalat puru C. connexa. Walaupun demikian populasi lalat puru C. connexa cenderung menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya ketinggian tempat. Parasitoid yang ditemukan memarasit C. connexa berasal dari Ordo Hymenoptera yaitu dari famili Ichneumonidae, famili Braconidae, famili Ormyridae dan famili Eulophidae. Distribusi dan populasi C. connexa serta parasitoidnya dipengaruhi tipe penggunaan lahan, tetapi ketinggian tempat tidak berpengaruh.
English Abstract
In Indonesia, Chromolaena odorata is an important weed in pasture fields and plantations. This weed is a woody shrubs and form groups. A biological control technique to control C. odorata was by introducing Cecidochares connexa from Columbia in 1993 by the Indonesian Palm Oil Research Institute, Marihat, North Sumatra and with a release permit by the Minister of Agriculture in 1995. C. connexa is a fly that form gall stem in C. odorata. However, efforts to overcome weed C. odorata by controlling biology using C. connexa tend to be less successful. This is due to the present of natural enemies of flies C. connexa, both of predators and parasitoids. The purpose of research was to study the distribution and population C. connexa and its parasitoid in various altitudes and land use types around the both of Arjuno and Bromo Mountain. The research used a purposive sampling method, in the locations which were found C. odorata with a various of altitude (500 m dpl to 1000 m dpl) and land use tend both Arjuno and Bromo Mountain. The sampling of gall C. connexa and its parasitoids from nine selection transects based on the presence of C. odorata was found. Each transect of the presence of C. odorata is tagged with GPS and the population is calculated. Stems of C. odorata contained the gall of C. connexa were removed and placed in a container and labeled. Gall of C. connexa, taken to the laboratory to observed the appearance of fly C. connexa and parasitoids. Imago, which displays both C. connexa and its parasitoids, were identified with a binocular microscope in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The results showed that C. odorata was found in various land uses, including open area, agroforestry, gardens, settlement, rice fields and roadside. C. odorata was mostly found in open area compare to other land use types. The presence of C. odorata was also followed by the presence of fly C. connexa. However, the population of the C. connexa population tend to decrease with increasing altitude. The parasitoid of C. connexa was from Hymenoptera Order i.e. family of Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Ormyridae and Eulophidae. The distribution and population of C. connexa and its parasitoids depend on the land use type and did not affect by altitude of the site.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/770/051810497 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cecidochares Connexa Macquart, Diptera |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 595 Arthropoda > 595.7 Insecta (Insects) > 595.77 Diptera (flies) and shiponaptera |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Dec 2018 01:48 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 15:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/13038 |
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