Sari, RiekeYulian (2015) Uji Toleransi Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum frutescens L.) dan Kadar Capsaicin pada Berbagai Taraf Pemberian Air. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai adalah tanaman anggota genus Capsicum. Di Indonesia, tanaman cabai telah dibudidayakan dan dimanfaatkan secara luas. Dalam industri makanan, selain sebagai penambah rasa makanan, cabai juga digunakan untuk olahan minuman seperti jamu, di bidang industri farmasi digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat-obatan, serta penghasil minyak atsiri. Cabai memiliki senyawa yang menyebabkan adanya rasa pedas bernama capsaicinoid. Jumlah capsaicinoid, baik capsaicin maupun dihidrocapsaicin buah cabai, lebih tinggi pada perlakuan sedikit air daripada pada kondisi air normal maupun air lebih. Kekurangan air juga akan menyebabkan menurunnya produksi akibat meningkatnya inhibitor pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui batas pemberian air yang masih baik untuk pertumbuhan tanaman cabai dan mempelajari toleransi tanaman cabai serta mengetahui besarnya kadar capsaicin yang terkandung pada pemberian air yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2014. Cabai ditanam dalam polybag berisi campuran tanah, kompos dan sekam bakar dengan perbandingan 2:2:1. Tanaman diberi perlakuan pemberian air 100%, 85%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 25% dan 10% dari kadar air kapasitas lapang. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, panjang akar, berat kering, jumlah buah dan bobot buah. Penentuan tingkat toleransi tanaman menggunakan rumus indeks toleransi tanaman TI= YdYn×YdHyd, di mana Yd= hasil tanaman pada kondisi tercekam kekeringan, Yn= hasil tanaman pada kondisi normal, Hyd= hasil dari perlakuan tercekam yang tertinggi, TI > 0,5 = toleran dan TI < 0,5 = peka. Uji kadar capsaicin menggunakan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman cabai berbeda nyata pada tiap perlakuan. Hasil terbaik untuk parameter tinggi, jumlah daun, berat kering dan panjang akar ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan kadar air 85% kapasitas lapang. Sedangkan parameter jumlah dan bobot buah terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan 100% kapasitas lapang. Kadar capsaicin tertinggi adalah pada perlakuan kadar air 55% kapasitas lapang. Menurut nilai indeks toleransi, perlakuan kadar air 100% dan 85% kapasitas lapang dapat menghasilkan buah secara optimal, parameter tinggi dan berat kering optimal pada semua perlakuan, jumlah cabang dan panjang akar optimal sampai kadar air 25% kapasitas lapang, serta jumlah daun optimum sampai kadar air 40% kapasitas lapang.
English Abstract
Chili pepper is one of Capsicum member. In Indonesia, chili pepper has been widely cultivated. In food industry, chili pepper not only used as food flavor addition, it is also used as beverages like herb, in pharmacy it is used as raw material of medicine, and it is produced volatile oil. Chili pepper has a compound that cause pungency called capsaicinoid. The amount of capsaicinoid, either capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin, are higher in less water treatment than in normal water treatment. Water deficit also cause yield decreasing coming of the increase of growth inhibitor. The goals of this research is to knowing the limit of water supply for growth and yields of pepper plant, and learn morphological tolerance of pepper plant, and also knowing the amount of capsaicin at different water supply. This research was conducted in the Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, on August to December 2014. Plants were planted in medium comprised of soil, husk and compost mixed 2:2:1. Plants were under treatment 100%, 85%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 25% and 10% of field capacity. The observation covered plant height, amount of leaves, branch, root length, dry weight, amount and weight of fruit. The tolerance level was determined by tolerance index formula TI=YdYn×YdHyd, which Yd=yield in deficit treatment, Yn= yield in normal treatment, Hyd= highest yield in deficit treatment, TI> 0,5= tolerant and TI< 0,5= intolerant. The amount of capsaicin was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The result shows there are significant different on each treatment. The higher result for plant height, amount of leaves, dry weight and root length is treatment 85% of field capacity. Whereas the higher yields is treatment 100% of field capacity. The highest amount of capsaicin is on the treatment 55% of field capacity. Tolerance index shows the optimum yields are treatment 100% and 85% of field capacity, the plant height and dry weight are optimum in all treatment, branches and root are optimum up to 25% of field capacity, and leaves are optimum up to 40% of field capacity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/221/051503670 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Jun 2015 09:23 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 02:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130207 |
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