Verdiana, MirantiAyu (2015) Pengaruh Berbagai Dosis Biochar Sekam Padi Dan Pupuk Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pemberian Bahan Organik Merupakan Suatu Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman. Pemberian Bahan Organik Dapat Berupa Aplikasi Pupuk Hijau, Seresah Tanaman, Kompos Tanaman, Pupuk Kandang Serta Aplikasi Arang Atau Biochar. Apabila Tanah Dalam Keadaan Yang Baik Maka Akan Dapat Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman (Lehmann Et Al., 2003). Biochar Merupakan Arang Hitam Hasil Dari Proses Pemanasan Biomassa Pada Keadaan Oksigen Terbatas Atau Tanpa Oksigen. Bahan Utama Pembuatan Biochar Ialah Biomasa Sisa Tanaman Yang Sudah Tidak Dipergunakan. Contohnya Batok Kelapa, Tongkol Jagung, Batang Singkong Dan Sekam Padi (Bambang, 2012). Pemilihan Bahan Baku Biochar Ini Didasarkan Pada Produksi Sisa Tanaman Yang Melimpah Dan Belum Dimanfaatkan Lebih Lanjut (Dermibas, 2004). Penambahan Biochar Dalam Tanah Mampu Meningkatkan Ketersediaan Hara Bagi Tanaman. Menurut Sukartono (2011), Setelah Aplikasi Biochar Ketersediaan Hara N, P, Dan Ca Meningkat Pada Tanaman Jagung. Upaya Peningkatan Npk Didalam Tanah Selain Aplikasi Bahan Organik Ialah Aplikasi Pupuk Npk. Dengan Rendahnya Unsur Npk Tersedia Bagi Tanaman Didalam Tanah, Perlu Dilakukan Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Ketersediaan Npk Dalam Tanah Menggunakan Biochar. Tujuan Dari Penelitian Ini Adalah Meneliti Aplikasi Biochar Terhadap Ketersediaan Npk Dalam Efisiensi Penggunaan Pupuk Npk Pada Tanaman Jagung. Hipotesis Yang Diajukan Ialahaplikasi Biochar Dapat Mengurangi Dosis Pupuk Npk Dan Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung. Penelitian Dilaksanakan Di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang Pada Bulan Juli 2014 – Oktober 2014. Ketinggian Tempat 303 M Dpl. Suhu Minimal Berkisar Antara 18-21°C, Suhu Maksimal Antara 30-33°C, Curah Hujan 100 Mm/Bulan. Bahan Yang Digunakan Antara Lain Biochar Sekam Padi, Benih Jagung Varietas Pioneer, Pupuk Phonska Dan Pestisida. Penelitian Ini Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Setiap Perlakuan Diulang Sebanyak 3 Kali Sehingga Terdapat 36 Satuan Percobaan. Perlakuan Dalam Penelitian Meliputi: Biochar 0 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 (A1),Biochar 0 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 260 Kg Ha-1 (A2), Biochar 0 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 220 Kg Ha-1 (A3), Biochar 0 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 (A4), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 (A5), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 260 Kg Ha-1 (A6), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 220 Kg Ha-1 (A7), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 (A8), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 (A9), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 260 Kg Ha-1 (A10), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 220 Kg Ha-1 (A11), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 (A12). Pengamatan Terdiri Dari Pertumbuhan Tanaman Dan Hasil Tanaman. Pengamatan Dilakukan Pada Umur 30, 45, 60, 75 Hst Dan Juga Pada Saat Panen. Pengamatan Destruktif Meliputi Jumlah Daun (Helai), Tinggi Tanaman (Cm), Luas Daun (Cm2), Indeks Luas Daun, Dan Berat Kering Total Tanaman (G). Pengamatan Panen Meliputi Diameter Tongkol Tanpa Klobot (Cm), Panjang Tongkol Tanpa Klobot (Cm), Bobot Tongkol Kering Tanpa Klobot (G), Berat Pipilan Kering (G), Bobot 1000 Biji (G) Dan Hasil Panen (T Ha-1). Untuk Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman Meliputi Indeks Luas Daun (Ild). Data Pengamatan Yang Diperoleh Dianalisis Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Ragam (Uji F) Pada Taraf 5% Untuk Mengetahui Pengaruh Perlakuan. Apabila Hasilnya Nyata Maka Dilanjutkan Dengan Uji Duncan Pada Taraf Nyata 5% Untuk Mengetahui Perbedaan Diantara Perlakuan. Penggunaan Biochar Sekam Padi Dapat Memberikan Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Yang Lebih Baik Dibandingkan Dengan Perlakuan Pupuk Npk Tanpa Menggunakan Biochar. Pengaplikasian Biochar Sekam Padi 2 T Ha-1 Dan 4 T Ha-1 Mampu Mengurangi Dosis Penggunaan Pupuk Anorganik Pada Hasil Tanaman Jagung. Hasil Panen Pada Kombinasi Perlakuan Biochar 4 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 Sebesar 14,20 T Ha-1 Meningkat 12% Dari Kombinasi Perlakuan Biochar 0 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 Dengan Hasil Panen 12,66 T Ha-1 Dan Meningkat 1,35% Dari Kombinasi Perlakuan Biochar 2 T Ha-1 Dan Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 Dengan Hasil Panen 14,01 T Ha-1.
English Abstract
Application Of Organic Materialsis One Way To Increase Crop Productivity. Application Of Organic Materials Can Be Either Green Manure, Plant Biomass, Plant Compost, Manure And Charcoal Or Biochar Application. If The Soil In Good Condition It Will Be Able To Increase Crop Productivity (Lehmann Et Al., 2003). Biochar Is Charcoal Black Results From The Process Of Heating Biomass In A State Of Limited Oxygen Or Without Oxygen. The Main Ingredient Of Making Biochar Is Residual Biomass Plants That Are Not Used. For Example Coconut Shells, Corn Cobs, Rice Husks And Cassava Stems (Bambang, 2012). The Selection Of Raw Materials Is Based On The Production Of Biochar Crop Residues Are Abundant And Untapped Further (Dermibas, 2004). The Addition Of Biochar To Soil Can Increase Nutrient Availability For Plants. According To Sukartono (2011), After Biochar Application Availability Of N, P, And Ca Increased In Maize. Efforts To Increase Npk In Soil Organic Matter Is In Addition To The Application Of Npk Fertilizer Application. With The Low Npk Elements Available To Plants In The Soil, Efforts Should Be Made To Increase The Availability Of Npk In Soils Using Biochar. The Purpose Of This Research Was To Investigate The Application Of Biochar On The Availability Of N,P, And K With Efficiency Npk Fertilizer In Maize. The Hypothesis Proposed Is The Application Of Biochar Can Reduce The Dose Of Npk Fertilizer And Increase Growth And Yield Of Maize. This Research Conducted At The Garden Experiment Of Brawijaya University, Jatikertovillage, District Kromengan, Malang Regency In July 2014 – October 2014. The Altitude Of 303 M Above Sea Level. Minimum Temperatures Ranged Between 18-21°C, The Maximum Temperature Between 30-33°C. Rain Fall Of 100 Mm/Month. Materials To Be Used Include Biochar Rice Husk, Corn Seed Varieties Pioneer, Phonska Fertilizers And Pesticides. This Research Used A Randomized Block Design. Each Treatment Was Repeated 3 Times So That There Are 36 Units Experiment. The Treatment In This Research Include: Biochar 0 T Ha-1 And Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 (A1), Biochar 0 T Ha-1 And Npk 260 Kg Ha-1 (A2), Biochar 0 T Ha-1 And Npk 220 Kg Ha-1 (A3), Biochar 0 T Ha-1 And Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 (A4), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 And Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 (A5), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 And Npk 260 Kg Ha-1 (A6), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 And Npk 220 Kg Ha-1 (A7), Biochar 2 T Ha-1 And Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 (A8), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 And Npk 300 Kg Ha-1 (A9), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 And Npk 260 Kg Ha-1 (A10), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 And Npk 220 Kg Ha-1 (A11), Biochar 4 T Ha-1 And Npk 180 Kg Ha-1 (A12). Observation Consists Of Plant Growth And Crop Yield. Observations Were Made At 30, 45, 60, 75 Days After Planting And At Harvest. Observations Destructive Include The Number Of Leaf (Blade), Plant Height (Cm), Leaf Area (Cm2), Leaf Area Index, And Total Plant Dry Weight (G). Observations Harvest Includes Cobs Without Husks Diameter (Cm), Length Of Cob Without Husks (Cm), Weight Of Dry Cob Without Husks (G), Dry Seed Weight (G), Weight Of 1000 Seeds (G) And Yield (T Ha-1). For The Analysis Of Plant Growth Include Leaf Area Index (Lai). Observational Data Obtained Were Analyzed Using Analysis Of Variance (F Test) At 5% Level To Determine The Effectof Treatment. If The Result Is Significance Then Followed By Duncan Test At5% Significance Level To Determine Differences Among Treatments. The Use Of Rice Husk Biochar Can Provide Growth And Better Results Compared With Npk Fertilizer Treatment Without The Use Of Biochar. The Application Of Rice Husk Biochar 2 T Ha-1 And 4 T Ha-1 Is Able To Reduce The Dose Of Inorganic Fertilizer Use On Maize Crops. Yield Son The Combined Treatment Of Biochar 4 T Ha-1 And 180 Kg Npk Ha-1 Amounted To 14,20 T Ha-1 Increased 12% From The Combined Treatment Of Biochar 0 T Ha-1 And 300 Kg Npk Ha-1 To Yield 12,66 T Ha-1 And Increased By 1,35% Of The Combined Treatment Of Biochar 2 T Ha-1 And 300 Kg Npk Ha-1 To Yield 14,01 T Ha-1.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/182/051503089 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 05 May 2015 09:45 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130163 |
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