Pratama, PanduIndra (2015) Eksplorasi Jamur Endofit Pada Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Serta Potensi Antagonismenya Terhadap Penyakit Phytophthora Palmivora Butl. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Buah Secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Peranan komoditas kakao terhadap perekonomian Indonesia cukup nyata dibandingkan dengan komoditas perkebunan lainnya seperti kelapa sawit, karet, kopi, kelapa, dan teh. Peranan tersebut berupa penghasil devisa, sumber pendapatan petani, penyedia lapangan kerja, dan pelestari sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Akan tetapi budidaya kakao menghadapi banyak kendala yang dapat menurunkan produksi tanaman. Penyakit penting kakao baik di Indonesia maupun negara produsen lain adalah busuk buah (blackpod) yang disebabkan oleh jamur Phytophthora palmivora. Oleh karena itu, siasat dan cara baru untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu cara alternatif pengendalian ramah lingkungan, yaitu dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati berupa jamur endofit yang bersifat antagonistik. Hubungan antara jamur endofit dan tanaman inangnya merupakan hubungan symbion dimana kedua belah pihak untuk kehidupannya saling menguntungkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jamur endofit yang terdapat di dalam jaringan tanaman kakao dan potensi antagonismenya terhadap P. palmivora penyebab busuk buah tanaman kakao dan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pengendalian secara hayati. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Waktu pelaksanaan pada bulan Maret?Juli 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu metode eksplorasi dan eksperimen. Eksplorasi jamur endofit pada daun, batang, buah dan akar tanaman kakao yang di ambil dari Desa Babadan, Kab Kediri. Eksperimen meliputi uji antagonis jamur endofit yang diperoleh terhadap P. palmivora pada media PDA. Jamur endofit yang diperoleh sebanyak 26 isolat, yaitu terdiri dari 16 isolat teridentifikasi antara lain Cephalosporium sp. 1, Cephalosporium sp. 2, Colletotrichum sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3, Fusarium sp. 4, Fusarium sp. 5, Gloesporium sp., Pestalotia sp., Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, dan 10 isolat tidak teridentifikasi yaitu isolat EK 1, isolat EK 2, isolat EK 3, isolat EK 4, isolat EK 5, isolat EK 6, isolat EK 7, isolat EK 8, isolat EK 9, isolat EK 10. Dari isolat yang telah ditemukan nilai teringgi ada pada perlakuan isolat Trichoderma sp.1 yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P. palmivora sebesar 98%, dan yang selanjutnya ialah perlakuan endofit isolat EK1 dengan persentase hambatan sebesar 73,33%.
English Abstract
The role of commodities cocoa against the Indonesian economy real enough compared with other plantation commodities such as palm oil, rubber, coffe, coconut, and tea. In the form of role of the foreign exchange earning, a source of the incoming of farmers, the producer of employment opportunities, and preserving natural resources and environment. However the cultivation of cocoa face many obstacles that can be lowered crop production. Important diseases of cocoa in Indonesia and the state of other prodecers is rotten fruit (blackpod) caused by fungi Phytophthora palmivora. Because of it, strategy and technique ways to control the disease should be investigated and developed. One of an alternative way the control of an environmental friendly, is using biological agents of antagonistic endhophytic fungi. This research aims to know endhophytic fungi that found in cocoa plant tissue and the antagonistic potential agains P. palmivora cause of rotten fruit of cocoa plants and the use as biological control. This research was conducted at the Lobaratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang in March until July 2014. Research methodology used, that is a method of exploration and experiment. Exploration of endhophytic fungi from leaves, stems, fruit, and roots of cocoa plant were taken from cocoa plant in the district of Babadan, Kediri area. The experiment includes testing antagonistic endhopytic fungi obtained against P. palmivora on PDA medium. Endhophytic fungi which obtained as much as 26 fungi isolates and consist of 16 genus were identified which is Cephalosporium sp. 1, Cephalosporium sp. 2, Colletotrichum sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3, Fusarium sp. 4, Fusarium sp. 5, Gloesporium sp., Pestalotia sp., Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, and 10 unidentified fungi include fungi code isolate EK 1, isolate EK 2, isolate EK 3, isolate EK 4, isolate EK 5, isolate EK 6, isolate EK 7, isolate EK 8, isolate EK 9, isolate EK 10. The isolates that have been found the highest score is treatment Trichoderma sp.1 isolates that capable to inhibiting the growth P. palmivora 98%, and the next one is endhophytic treatment isolates EK1 with the percentage of inhibition 73,33%
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/180/051503087 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 04 May 2015 15:56 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130161 |
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