Pasaribu, ErnitaLoveraPratiwi (2015) Eksplorasi Jamur Filoplane Pada Tanaman Seledri (Apium Graveolens) Dan Uji Kemampuan Antagonisnya Terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum Sp.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) termasuk dalam famili Umbeliferae dan merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang banyak digunakan untuk penyedap rasa dan penghias hidangan. Selain sebagai tanaman sayur, seledri bermanfaat sebagai tanaman obat. Tanaman seledri dapat digunakan sebagai obat hipertensi, obat reumatik, peluruh keringat, penyembuh demam, sukar tidur, pertumbuhan rambut, serta penambah nafsu makan (Rukmana, 1995). Di Indonesia kebutuhan seledri semakin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah restoran, hotel dan tempat-tempat lain yang menyajikan masakan asing seperti salad dan masakan Cina. Upaya peningkatan seledri baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas terhambat oleh adanya serangan hama dan penyakit. Penyakit daun keriting dan antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum sp. merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman seledri. Salah satu teknik pengendalian penyakit antraknosa pada seledri adalah dengan pemanfaatan jamur antagonis. Habitat jamur antagonis tersebar di lingkungan seperti area perakaran atau rhizosfer dan area permukaan daun. Mikroorganisme filoplan dapat menghindarkan infeksi patogen yang distimulasi olah nutrien yang berasal dari permukaan daun dan buah. Eksplorasi tentang jamur filoplane pada permukaan daun seledri diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi mengenai jamur-jamur filoplane yang berpotensi sebagai agen antagonis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksplorasi dan metode uji oposisi langsung. Metode eksplorasi digunakan untuk mendapatkan jamur filoplane pada daun seledri, sementara metode oposisi langsung digunakan untuk mengetahui daya hambat jamur filoplane terhadap patogen Colletotrichum sp.. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 18 genus filoplane yaitu di antaranya Alternaria sp., Aspergillus spp. (4), Cylindrocarpon spp. (2), Curvularia sp., Dreshclera sp., Fusarium spp. (6), Gloeosporium sp., Nigrospora spp. (3), Penicillium spp. (4), Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Stemphylium sp., Trichoderma sp., Verticillium sp.. Terdapat tiga jenis jamur filoplane yang tidak teridentifikasi yaitu Filoplane isolat 1, Filoplane isolat 2, dan Filoplane isolat 3. Terdapat 10 genus jamur filoplane yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp. hingga di atas 50 %, yaitu diantaranya genus Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Curvularia sp., Dreschlera sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia sp., dan Trichoderma sp. Dari hasil uji antagonis dengan patogen Colletotrichum sp., jamur Aspergillus sp. isolat 3 dan Trichoderma sp. memiliki daya hambat tertinggi yaitu mencapai 68% dan 67%. Sementara jamur filoplane dengan daya hambat terendah adalah Filoplane isolat 1, dengan hanya 14%.
English Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is one of Umbeliferae family and one of vegetable comodity that common to use as flavour enhancer and trimmer dish. Celery also can be used for medication of hypertension, rheumatic, fever, hair grower, and appettitie enhancer (Rukmana, 1995). In Indonesia, the need of celery increase with increasing the number of hotel, restaurant, and other place that sell foreign food. Effort to increase quantity and quality production of celery hampered by diseases. Antracnose disease that caused by Colletotrichum sp. is one of important disease for celery. One of control tecnique for antracnose patogen is using antagonist fungus. Antagonist fungus exist in environtment around the plant, for example rhizosphere and leaf surface. Phyloplane microorganism can reduce infection of patogen which is stimulated by nutrient from leaf or fruit surface. Exploration of phylloplane fungus on celery leaf expected can give information about phylloplane fungus that has potential as antagonist agen. This research used exploration and direct oposition methode. Exploration methode used for getting phylloplane fungus on celery leaf, and direct oposition used for knowing antagonist ability to control Colletotrichum sp.. As a result, there were 18 genus of phylloplane fungus on celery leaf. The genus are Alternaria sp., Aspergillus spp. (4), Cylindrocarpon spp. (2), Curvularia sp., Dreshclera sp., Fusarium spp. (6), Gloeosporium sp., Nigrospora spp. (3), Penicillium spp. (4), Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Stemphylium sp., Trichoderma sp., Verticillium sp.. And there were three fungus that could not identified (Phylloplane isolate 1, Phylloplane isolate 2, and Phylloplane isolate 3). There were 10 genus of phylloplane that can decrease growth of Colletotrichum sp. until 50%. The genus were Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Curvularia sp., Dreschlera sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Trichoderma sp.. Aspergillus sp. isolate 2 and Trichoderma sp. has the highest precentation of obstruction to decrease growth of Colletotrichum sp. which can decreace until 68% and 67%. And Phylloplane isolate 1 has the lowest precentation of obstruction to decrease growth of Colletotrichum sp. which only can decrease about 14%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/179/051503086 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 04 May 2015 15:51 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130159 |
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