Risbianti, EnggarNingtyas (2015) Isolasi Jamur Patogen Serangga dari Tanah Gambut dengan Pola Tanam Sawi-Jagung dan Sawi di Kalimantan Tengah serta Uji Virulensi terhadap Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) di Lab. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jamur patogen serangga adalah salah satu agens hayati yang berpotensi untuk mengendalikan serangga hama. Jamur patogen serangga telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pengendali serangga hama yang efektif dalam mengendalikan hama sasaran. Selain itu dampaknya terhadap lingkungan dan prospek jamur patogen serangga sebagai substitusi insektisida kimia sintetik juga cukup baik. Jamur patogen serangga dapat diperoleh dari serangga hama yang terinfeksi di lapang maupun dari habitat (lingkungan pertanaman) tempat serangga hama tersebut berada. Keberadaan jamur patogen serangga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi agroekosistem asal isolat seperti jenis tanaman penaung, ketinggian tempat, praktek budidaya maupun perbedaan karakteristik yang dimiliki setiap daerah asal isolat seperti kondisi iklim ataupun geologi lahan. Salah satu jenis tanah yang dapat menjadi habitat mikroorganisme adalah tanah gambut. Tanah gambut memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi, hal ini baik bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, khususnya jamur patogen serangga. Salah satu tanaman yang dibudidayakan di tanah gambut adalah sawi. Sawi merupakan tanaman inang serangga hama P. xylostella. Pengendalian P. xylostella dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan jamur patogen serangga. Diketahui bahwa tanah gambut memiliki potensi adanya isolat jamur patogen serangga, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh jamur patogen serangga dari tanah gambut pada pola tanam berbeda yaitu monokultur sawi dan polikultur sawi-jagung serta mengukur virulensi isolat jamur yang diperoleh pada larva P. xylostella. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nematologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang pada bulan Februari-November 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi isolasi, identifikasi, dan uji virulensi jamur patogen serangga. Isolasi jamur patogen serangga dilakukan dengan metode umpan serangga pada tanah dari lahan gambut pedalaman di Kelurahan Kalampangan, Kecamatan Sabangau, Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengamati morfologi jamur patogen serangga secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Selanjutnya jamur patogen serangga yang diperoleh diuji virulensi terhadap larva P. xylostella di laboratorium. Jamur patogen serangga yang diperoleh dari tanah gambut sebanyak 19 isolat, yaitu terdiri dari 8 isolat dari pola tanam monokultur sawi dan 11 isolat dari pola tanam polikultur sawi-jagung. Terdapat masing-masing 5 jenis jamur patogen serangga pada pola tanam monokultur sawi dan polikultur sawi-jagung. Isolat yang diperoleh dari pola tanam monokultur sawi adalah Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Metarhizium sp. 1, Metarhizium sp. 2, Metarhizium sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. dan Isolat GM (Gambut Monokultur). Isolat yang diperoleh dari pola tanam polikultur sawi-jagung adalah Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, Fusarium sp. 3, Fusarium sp. 4, Metarhizium sp. 1, Metarhizium sp. 2, Metarhizium sp. 3, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. 1 dan Trichoderma sp. ii 2. Dari 9 isolat jamur yang diujikan mampu menyebabkan mortalitas pada larva P. xylostella. Jamur patogen serangga yang mampu menyebabkan mortalitas tertinggi dan efektif dalam mematikan larva P. xylostella. adalah Metarhizium sp. Sedangkan jamur Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., dan Trichoderma sp. digolongkan sebagai jamur oportunistik.
English Abstract
Insect Pathogenic Fungi Is One Of Biological Agens That Have The Potential To Control Insect Pests. Insect Pathogenic Fungi Has Been Widely Used As An Effective Pest Control In Controlling Target Pests. Besides, The Impact On The Environment And The Prospect Of Insect Pathogenic Fungi As Substitution Of Synthetic Chemical Insecticides Are Also Good Enough. Insect Pathogenic Fungi Can Be Obtained From Infected Insect Pests In The Field And Of The Habitat (Cropping Environment) Where The Pest Insect Live. The Existence Of Insect Pathogenic Fungi Is Affected By The Condition Of Agro-Ecosystem Isolate Such As Kind Of Shade Plants, Altitude, Cultivation Practices And Differences In Characteristics Of Each Isolate Areas Such As Climatic Or Geological Conditions Of The Land. One Type Of Soil That Can Be A Habitat For Microorganisms Is Peat Soil. Peat Soils Have A High Content Of Organic Matter, It Is Good For The Growth Of Microorganisms, Especially Insect Pathogenic Fungi. One Of The Plants That Are Cultivated In Peat Soils Is Mustard. Mustard Is A Host Plant Of Insects Pests P. Xylostella. Control Of P. Xylostella Can Be Done Using Insect Pathogenic Fungi. It Is Known That The Peat Has The Potential For Insect Pathogenic Fungal Isolates, The Study Aims To Obtain Insect Pathogenic Fungi Of Peat Soil At Different Cropping Patterns Are Monoculture Mustard And Polyculture Mustard-Corn And Measure The Virulence Of Fungal Isolates Were Obtained On P. Xylostella Larvae. This Research Was Conducted At The Laboratory Nematologi Department Of Plant Pests And Diseases, Faculty Of Agriculture, University Of Brawijaya Malang In February To November 2014. The Method Are Used Includes The Isolation, Identification, And Virulence Test Insect Pathogenic Fungi. Isolation Of Insect Pathogenic Fungi Was Conducted Using Insect Bait Method On Peat Soils From Peatlands Inland In The Village Kalampangan, District Sabangau, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan. The Identification Was Conducted By Observing The Morphology Of Insect Pathogenic Fungi Macroscopically And Microscopically. Furthermore, Insect Pathogenic Fungi Was Tested Virulence Against P. Xylostella Larvae In The Laboratory. Insect Pathogenic Fungi Was Obtained From Peat Soil As Many As 19 Isolates, Are Consists Of 8 Isolates Of Monoculture Mustard And 11 Isolates From Polyculture Mustard-Corn. There Are 5 Of Each Type Of Insect Pathogenic Fungi In Monoculture Mustard And Polyculture Mustard-Corn. Isolates Was Obtained From Monoculture Mustard Are Aspergillus Sp., Fusarium Sp. 1, Fusarium Sp. 2, Metarhizium Sp. 1, Metarhizium Sp. 2, Metarhizium Sp. 3, Trichoderma Sp. And Isolates GM (Peat Monoculture). Isolates Was Obtained From Polyculture Mustard-Corn Are Aspergillus Sp., Fusarium Sp. 1, Fusarium Sp. 2, Fusarium Sp. 3, Fusarium Sp. 4, Metarhizium Sp. 1, Metarhizium Sp. 2, Metarhizium Sp. 3, Penicillium Sp., Trichoderma Sp. 1 And Trichoderma Sp. 2. From 9 Fungi Isolates Of The Tested Are Capable Of Causing Mortality In Larvae Of P. Xylostella. Insect Pathogenic Fungi That Capable Of Causing High Mortality And Effective Deadly In Larvae Of P. Xylostella Is Metarhizium Sp. Meanwhile Aspergillus Sp., Fusarium Sp., Penicillium Sp., And Trichoderma Sp. Are Classified As An Opportunistic Fungi.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/169/051503003 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 04 May 2015 14:08 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:44 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130148 |
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