Mindarsusi, VirginAyuPresty (2015) Eksplorasi Jamur Endofit Daun Kacang Tanah Arachis hypogaea L. dan Uji Antagonis Terhadap Patogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) termasuk tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat, tidak hanya polong tetapi semua bagian tanaman. Antara lain seperti sebagai bahan makanan dan bahan baku industri, (Lumban 2013). Dan bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak (Pajow. 2001). Namun serangan penyakit akibat Sclerotium rolfsii dapat menurunkan produksi kacang tanah. Oleh karena itu, siasat dan cara baru untuk mengendalikan penyakit tersebut perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu cara alternatif pengendalian ramah lingkungan, yaitu dengan memanfaatkan agens hayati berupa jamur endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jamur endofit dalam mengendalikan patogen Sclerotium rolfsii. Penelitian dilakukan secara in-vitro di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang sejak April sampai Desember 2014. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode yaitu eksplorasi dan eksperimental. Metode eksplorasi dilakukan dengan cara mengambil daun tanaman kacang tanah di lahan milik Balai Benih Induk Palawija yang berlokasi di Jalan Raya Randu Agung, Singosari, Kabupaten Malang. Sedangkan metode eksperimental meliputi uji antagonis jamur endofit yang ditemukan dengan jamur patogen Sclerotium rolfsii pada media PDA. Diperoleh 17 isolat jamur endofit yang berhasil diisolasi dari daun tanaman kacang tanah, yaitu terdiri dari 10 isolat teridentifikasi antara lain Cladosporium sp. 1, Cladosporium sp. 2, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Rhizoctonia sp, Curvularia sp, Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, serta 7 isolat tidak teridentifikasi antara lain isolat EK 1, isolat EK 2, isolat EK 3, isolat EK 4, isolat EK 5, isolat EK 6, isolat EK 7. Hasil uji antagonis tiga jamur tidak menekan pertumbuhan patogen Sclerotium rolfsii. Jamur endofit yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur Sclerotium rolfsii dimulai dari yang memiliki presentase hambatan terbesar adalah jamur EK 7 sebesar 63,33%, Aspergillus sp.2 59,08%, Rhizoctonia sp 57,78%, jamur EK6 55,55%, Aspergillus sp.1 45,56%, Aspergillus sp.3 37,96% , EK4 34.44% , Fusarium sp.2 31,11%, Fusarium sp.1 30,00%, Curvularia sp. 30,00%, jamur EK 2 30,00%, Penicillium sp 27,78%, jamur EK 5 24, 44%, dan jamur EK 3 23,33%. Dan tiga jamur tidak mampu menghambat patogen Sclerotium rolfsii yaitu Cladosporium sp. 2, menghasilkan hambatan yang negatif sebesar -100%, Cladosporium sp.1 dan jamur EK1 juga tidak menghambat pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii dengan daya hambat sebesar -77,78% dan -75,56%.
English Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is plant that has many benefits, not only the pods but all parts of the plant has many benefits. For example as food and industrial raw materials (Lumban, 2013). Also can be used as animal feed (Pajow. 2001). But invasive disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii can reduce the production of peanuts. Therefore, a strategy and a new way to control the disease need to be researched and developed. One alternative way for environmentally friendly control is the use of biological agents in the form of endophytic fungi. This study aims to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in controlling pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology of the State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang from September to December 2014. The study used two methods that were exploration and experimental. Exploration method was conducted by taking leaves of peanut plants on land owned by Balai Benih Induk dan Palawija are located on Jl. Randu Agung, Singosari, Kab. Malang. While experimental methods include antagonist test of endophytic fungi that founded with pathogenic fungi Sclerotium rolfsii on PDA. There were 17 isolates of endophytic fungi that isolated from the peanut plant’s leaves. The genus that has been identified were Cladosporium sp. 1, Cladosporium sp. 2, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Rhizoctonia sp, Curvularia sp, Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp. 2, and 7 isolates were not identified. Isolates that not identified were EK 1, EK 2, EK 3, EK 4, EK 5, EK 6, and EK 7. From the results of the three antagonists do not suppress the growth of pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Endophyte fungus that can increase the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii from the highest to lowest presentation were EK 7 (63,33%), Aspergillus sp.2 (59,08%), Rhizoctonia sp (57,78%), EK 6 (55,55%), Aspergillus sp.1 (45,56%), Aspergillus sp.3 (37,96%) , EK4 (34.44%) , Fusarium sp.2 (31,11%), Fusarium sp.1 (30,00%), Curvularia sp. (30,00%), EK 2 (30,00%), Penicillium sp (27,78%), EK 5 (24,44%), and EK 3 (23,33%). And there were three fungus that can not decrease the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii pathogen, that fungus were Cladosporium sp.2 (-100%), Cladosporium sp.1 (-77,78%), and EK 1 (-75,56%).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/153/051502691 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Apr 2015 09:15 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 06:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130131 |
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