Fatimaturrohmah, Siti (2015) Uji Daya Hasil Lanjutan Beberapa Genotip Padi (Oryza Sativa.L) Hibrida Di Dataran Medium. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penanaman padi hibrida adalah pemanfaatan teknologi yang aman lingkungan. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Malang dan Blitar, terungkap bahwa petani sudah membuktikan keunggulan padi hibrida yang dapat mencapai hasil 9,0 ton ha-1. Namun di beberapa tempat spesifik tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Hal ini merupakan tantangan dari program pemuliaan tanaman padi hibrida dalam rangka mendapatkan varietas hibrida dengan potensi hasil lebih tinggi melalui ekspresi heterosis yang stabil dan dapat beradaptasi luas. Sehingga galur harapan padi hibrida sebelum dilepas harus dilakukan pengujian daya hasil dan tingkat heterosis di beberapa lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaan karakter agronomi g enotip padi hibrida dan mendapatkan g enotip padi hibrida yang berdaya hasil tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas Hipa 8 dan Ciherang. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah terdapat genotip harapan padi hibrida yang berdaya hasil tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Januari - April 2014 di Desa Sekarpuro Kecamatan Pakis, Malang, Jawa Timur. Lokasi terletak pada ketinggian ± 450 m dpl . Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 18 genotip padi hibrida BBPADI (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16, G17,G18) dan dua varietas pembanding (Ciherang dan Hipa 8), pupuk Urea (45% N), Phonska (15% N :15% P 2 0 5 :15% K 2 O), dan pupuk KCL (60% K 2 O). Alat yang diperlukan meliputi traktor, cangkul, sabit, karung, buku pengamatan, penggaris, jangka sorong, alat perontok, pengukur kadar air benih, dan timbangan analitik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari 20 genotip padi sebagai perlakuan dengan empat kali ulangan . Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter kuantitatif meliputi luas daun, diameter batang, eksersi malai, umur bunga, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan produktif, umur panen, panjang malai, jumlah gabah total, jumlah gabah isi dan gabah hampa, persentase gabah isi, KA panen, bobot 1000 butir, hasil per petak produksi panen per hektar dan perhitungan selisih hasil terhadap varietas pembanding . Tingkat serangan hama penyakit dan kerebahan sebagai pengamatan tambahan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam uji F 5%. Jika analisis ragam menunjukkan pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ taraf 5%. H asil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata hasil gabah berkisar antara 5,48 ton.ha-1 hingga 7,92 ton.ha-1. Seluruh g enotip padi hibrida yang diuji tergolong kedalam criteria berumur sedang (125-130 hari) dan memiliki karakter rata-rata luas daun lebih besar dari pada varietas Ciherang kecuali galur G7. G enotip padi hibrida yang diuji termasuk dalam kategori jumlah an a kan produktif sedang (10-20 anakan). Secara umum jumlah gabah total per malai pada g enotip yang diuji lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang disebabkan perbedaan panjang malai. Dilihat dari karakter morfologi genotip padi hibrida yang diuji sudah mendukung perolehan hasil gabah yang tinggi. Tetapi sebagian besar genotip tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan persentase gabah isi sehingga tidak sebanding dengan hasil produksi. Persentase gabah isi berkisar 65,06 % hingga 79,90% yang artinya persentas i kehampaan malai cukup tinggi . Persentase pengisian gabah isi rendah diduga karena pengaruh serangan penyakit hawar daun bakteri saat fase berbunga yang menyebabkan pengisian gabah menjadi tidak sempurna sehingga gabah tidak terisi penuh atau bahkan hampa. Keragaan karakter agronomi genotip padi hibrida yang diuji menunjukkan adanya beda nyata antar genotip kecuali pada bobot 1000 butir. Penampilan karakter agronomi genotip padi hibrida yang diuji menunjukkan adanya beda nyata antar genotip kecuali pada bobot 1000 butir. Terdapat empat genotip yaitu G1, G2, G6 dan G12 yang memberikan keunggulan hasil terhadap varietas pembanding. Keunggulan hasil genotip padi hibrida tersebut didukung oleh penampilan yang baik pada karakter luas daun, jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai dan jumlah gabah . Keempat genotip tersebut berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai varietas unggul hibrida sehingga dapat dilakukan pengujian lanjutan multilokasi.
English Abstract
Hybrid rice cultivation is the use of technologies that can be considered safely environment. Based on a survey conducted in Malang and Blitar, revealed that farmers have proven the superiority of hybrid rice which can achieve 9.0 tons ha-1. However, in some specific areas did not show significant results. This is a challenge of hybrid rice breeding program in order to obtain hybrid varieties with higher yield potential through the expression of heterosis stable and widely adaptable. Thus some lines of hybrid rice before being released should be tested of yield and level heterosis in some environments. The objective of this research was to determine the performance of hybrid rice genotypes agronomic characters and get a hybrid rice genotypes for high yield compared with Ciherang and Hipa 8 varieties. The hypothesis submitted there are hybrid rice genotypes for high yield compared with check varieties The research was conducted from January - April 2014 at the village of Sekarpuro Pakis subdistrict, Malang, East Java. The location is situated at an altitude of ± 450 m above sea level. The material used in this study consisted of 18 genotypes of hybrid rice BBPADI (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16, G17, G18) and two varieties (Ciherang and Hipa 8), urea (45% N), Phonska (15% N: 15% P 2 0 5 : 15% K 2 O), and fertilizer KCl (60% K2O). The tools include tractor, hoe, sickle, bag, book observation, a ruler, caliper, threshing instrument, measuring the moisture content of seeds, and the analytical balance. Research was used randomized block design (RBD) consist of 20 rice genotypes as treatments with four replications. Data were collected for quantitative characters includeleaf area, diameter of stem, panicle exsertion, day to flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers, day to maturity, panicle length, number of spikelets panicle–1, number of filled and unfilled spikelets panicle-1, grain moisture content, spikelet fertility %, weight of 1.000 filled grains, grain yield plot-1, Grain yield ha-1 and difference yield with check varieties (%). The level of diseases,pests and lodging as additional observations. Data were analyzed using analysis variance F test 5%. If the analysis variance showed significant effect followed by HSD test level of 5%. The results showed an average grain yield ranged from 5.48 to 7.92 ton ha-1 ton ha-1. Whole hybrid rice genotypes were tested belong to the category of moderately age (125-130 day after seedling) and had an average character leaf area larger than the Ciherang except genotype G7. Hybrid rice genotypes tested included in the category number of productive tillers moderate (10-20 tillers). Generally the total number of grains per panicle on the genotypes tested more than Ciherang due to differences in panicle length. Based on morphological characters of hybrid rice genotypes tested supports the acquisition of high rice yield. But most of the genotypes are not offset by the percentage of filled grain so it is not comparable with the results of production. Percentage of filled spikelet ranged 65.06% to 79.90%, which means percentage of unfilled spikelet high enough. Lower percentage of filled grain filling allegedly the influence of bacterial leaf blight disease when flowering phase which causes grain filling to be imperfect so that the grain is not fully loaded or even empty. Appearance agronomic characters of hybrid rice genotypes tested showed a significant difference between genotypes except in 1000 grain weight. There are four genotypes G1, G2, G6 and G12 which has the yield superiority toward the check varieties. Advantage yield of hybrid rice genotipes is supported by good performance on characters leaf area, number of productive tillers, panicle lengt h and number of spikelets. The four genotypes have the potential to be developed as superiority hybrid so it deserve to do further trials at multilocation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2015/15/051500674 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2015 09:51 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2021 10:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130127 |
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