Utomo, DwiWahyuSulistyo (2014) Pengaruh Aplikasi Herbisida Pra Tanam Cuka (C2h4o2), Glifosat Dan Paraquat Pada Gulma Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebutuhan Kedelai Indonesia Setiap Tahunnya Mencapai 2,3 - 2,5 Juta Ton, Sedangkan Jumlah Produksi Kedelai Indonesia Saat Ini Hanya Sekitar 800 . 000 Ton Per Tahun (Purwanto, 2012). Rendahnya Produksi Kedelai Disebabkan Oleh Banyak Faktor Salah Satunya Ialah Kompetisi Gulma . Pertanaman Kedelai Yang Pemeliharaannya Kurang Intensif Akan Bersaing Dengan Gulma Yang Mengakibatkan Hasil Panen Menurun . Persaingan Gulma Dengan Tanaman Mampu Menurunkan Hasil Hingga 60% (Moenandir, 1990). Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Kedelai, Umumnya Petani Menggunakan Herbisida Pra Tanam Berbahan Aktif Glifosat Dan Paraquat. Keuntungan Pengendalian Gulma Dengan Herbisida Ini Ialah Cepat Dan Efektif, Terutama Untuk Areal Yang Luas. Beberapa Sisi Negatifnya Ialah Mempunyai Efek Residu Terhadap Alam Sekitar Dan Resistensi Gulma Terhadap Herbisida ( Sukman Dan Yakub, 2002 ) . Diperlukan Bahan Alternatif Herbisida Glifosat Dan Paraquat Yang Ramah Lingkungan Seperti Cuka. Cuka Ialah Senyawa Kimia Organik Yang Diperoleh Dari Hasil Fermentasi Dari Bermacam-Macam Bahan Makanan Yang Beralkohol Oleh Bakteri Acetobacter Secara Anaerob (Muhammad, 2012). Cuka Bersifat Korosif Yang Dapat Menyebabkan Pengeringan Cepat Jaringan Tanaman. Cuka Merupakan Alternatif Pengganti Herbisida Paraquat Dan Glifosat Yang Memiliki Potensi Dalam Mengendalikan Gulma. Tujuan Penelitian Ini Ialah Untuk Mempelajari Penggunaan Cuka Sebagai Herbisida Dibandingkan Dengan Glifosat Dan Paraquat Dalam Mengendalikan Gulma Tanaman Kedelai. Hipotesis Yang Di Ajukan Ialah Cuka Sebagai Herbisida Organik Berpotensi Dalam Mengendalikan Gulma Tanaman Kedelai Sehingga Dapat Menjadi Alternatif Lain Selain Menggunakan Herbisida Anorganik Glifosat Dan Paraquat. Penelitian Dilakukan Di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Desa Jatikerto , Kecamatan Kromengan , Kabupate n Malang , Jawa Timur. Ketinggian Tempat ± 303 M D iatas Permukaan Laut Dengan Rata – Rata Suhu Maksimum 30° – 33°C Dan Rata – Rata Suhu Minimum 18° – 21°C. J enis Tanah Alfisol Dengan Ph Tanah 0,6 – 6,2. Waktu Pelaksanaan Percobaan Ialah Bulan Maret 201 3 Hingga Juli 201 3 . Alat Yang Diperlukan Dalam Penelitian Ialah Knapsack Sprayer, Gelas Ukur Volume 1000 Ml, Timbangan Analitik, Kamera, Meteran Gulung, Gunting, Kuadran, Penggaris, Oven Dan Lam (Leaf Area Meter). Bahan Yang Digunakan Adalah Benih Kedelai Varietas Argomulyo, Cuka Dapur (Dixi), Herbisida Glifosat (Roundup 486 Sl), Herbisida Paraquat (Gramoxone 276 Sl), Pupuk Kompos 5 Ton Ha-1, Pupuk Urea 50 Kg Ha-1, Pupuk Sp-36 100 Kg Ha-1, Pupuk Kcl 50 Kg Ha-1 Dan Insektisida Karbofuran 5% (Furadan 3g). Penelitian Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (Rak) Dengan 8 Perlakuan Dan 3 Ulangan. Perlakuan Yang Digunakan Dalam Penelitian Ini Ialah 1) Tanpa Penyiangan (P 1 ); 2) Penyiangan Pada 21 Dan 42 Hst (P 2 ); 3) Herbisida Cuka 5% (P 3 ); 4) Herbisida Cuka 20% (P 4 ); 5) Herbisida Glifosat 1 L Ha-1(P 5 ); 6) Herbisida Glifosat 3 L Ha-1 (P 6 ); 7) Herbisida Paraquat 1 L Ha-1(P 7 ) Dan 8) Herbisida Paraquat 3 L Ha-1 (P 8 ). Variabel Yang
English Abstract
Soybean Demand In Indonesia Each Year Reach 2.3 To 2.5 Million Tons, While The Number Of Indonesian Soybean Production Is Only About 800,000 Tons Per Year (Purwanto, 2012). The Low Production Of Soybean Is Caused By Many Factors, One Of Which Is Weeds Competition. Soybean Were Less Intensive Maintenance Will Compete With Weeds Resulting In Decreased Yields. Competition Weeds Can Reduce Crop Yield Up To 60% (Moenandir, 1990). For Soybean Weeds Control, Farmers Typically Use Pre-Planting Herbicide Such As Glyphosate And Paraquat. Benefits Of Weeds Control Using Herbicides Is Fast And Effective, Especially For Large Areas. Some Of The Side Effects Is A Residual Effect On The Environment And Weed Resistance To Herbicides (Sukman And Yakub, 2002). Required Alternative Herbicide For Glyphosate And Paraquat That More Safe For Environment Such As Vinegar. Vinegar Is An Organic Chemical Compound Derived From The Fermentation Of A Variety Of Alcoholic Foodstuffs By Aerobic Bacteria Acetobacter (Muhammad, 2012). Vinegar Is Corrosive That Can Cause Rapid Drying Of Plant Tissue. Vinegar Can Be Use As Alternative To Paraquat And Glyposate Herbicides That Have A High Potential In Controlling Weeds. The Purpose Of This Experiment Was To Study The Use Of Vinegar As A Herbicide Compared With Glyphosate And Paraquat To Control Weeds Of Soybean. The Hypothesis Is Using Venegar As Organic Herbicide Have Potention To Control Weeds Of Soybean That Can Be Come Another Alternative From Using Anorganic Herbicide Such As Glyphosate And Paraquat. The Research Was Conducted At The Jatikerto Experimental Station Of Agriculture Faculty, University Of Brawijaya, Kromengan District, Malang Regency, East Java. Altitude ± 303 M Above Sea Level With Maximum Average Temperature Of 30° - 33°C And Minimum Average Temperature 18° - 21°C. Types Of Alfisol Soil With A Soil Ph Of 6,0 To 6,2. The Timing Of The Trial Was In March 2013 Until July 2013. Necessary Tool In The Research Is A Sprayer, Beakers With 1000 Ml Volume, Analytical Scale, Camera, Rolls Meter, Shears, Quadrant, Ruler, Oven And Lam (Leaf Area Meter). The Materials Used Are Soybean’s Seed Varieties Argomulyo, Vinegar (Dixi) Solution, Glyphosate Herbicide (Roundup 486 Sl), Paraquat Herbicide (Gramoxone 276 Sl), Compos 5 Ton Ha-1, Urea 50 Kg Ha-1, Sp – 36 100 Kg Ha-1, Kcl 50 Kg Ha-1, Insecticide Karbofuran 5% (Furadan 3g). Research Using Randomized Block Design (Rbd) With 8 Treatments And 3 Replications. The Treatments Used In This Study As Follow : 1) Without Weeding (P1), 2) Weeding At 21 And 42 Dap (P2), 3) Herbicide Vinegar 5% (P3), 4) Herbicide Vinegar 20% (P4), 5) Herbicide Glyphosate 1 L Ha-1 (P5), 6) Herbicide Glyphosate 3 L Ha-1 (P6); 7) Herbicide Paraquat 1 L Ha-1 (P7) And 8) Herbicide Paraquat 3 L Ha-1 (P8). The Characteristic Of Plant Growth Observed In This Study As Fallow: 1) Observations On Weeds Consist Of Vegetation Analysis And Total Dry Weight Of Weeds, 2) Observations On Crop Growth Consist Of Plant Height, Leaf Number, Leaf Area And Total Dry Weight Of Plants; 3) Observations On Yield Consists Of The Seed’s Number Per Plant, Seed’s Dry Weight Per Plant, Dry Weight Of 100 Seeds, Seed Weight (Ton Ha-1) And Harvest Index. Observational Data Were Analyzed Using Analysis Of Various F Test With Level Of 5% To Determine The Effect Of Treatment. Treatment With The Test Results Show Sicnificant Different Then Followed By Least Significant Difference (Lsd) Test With Level Of 5% To Determine Differences Among Treatments. The Results Showed At 5% Lsd Test That Application Of 20% Vinegar As A Herbicide Didn’t Show Sicnificant Different Compared To Paraquat In 3 L Ha-1 And Glyphosate In 1 L Ha-1, But Application Of 20% Vinegar As Herbicide Showed Sicnificant Different Is Smaller In Controlling Weeds Growth And Increasing Soybean Growth And Yield Compared To Gyphosate In 3 L Ha-
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/7/051400275 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jan 2014 13:56 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 03:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130029 |
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