Wardhani, RahmiKusuma (2014) Efek Xenia pada Persilangan Beberapa Genotip Jagung (Zea mays L. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Persilangan merupakan salah satu cara untuk menimbulkan keragaman genetik yang diperlukan di dalam program pemuliaan tanaman jagung. Secara genetik, persilangan akan meningkatkan heterozigositas sehingga mampu menaikkkan keragaman genetik. Pada pewarisan sifat, ekspresi gen hasil persilangan dari tetua jantan dan tetua betina baru dapat diekspresikan pada generasi berikutnya. Namun adanya efek xenia, hasil persilangan dapat diekspresikan secara langsung pada organ tetua betina saat persilangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Brawijaya, Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang pada ketinggian 303 m di atas permukaan laut dengan jenis tanah alfisol, suhu minimal berkisar antara 18-21ºC, suhu maksimal berkisar antara 30-33ºC pada bulan Maret-Juli 2013. Alat yang digunakan meliputi: cangkul, tugal, papan nama, kertas samson, staples, gunting, meteran, jangka sorong, dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan, yaitu: 3 genotip jagung ungu, 3 genotip jagung manis, 4 genotip jagung ketan, pupuk kotoran sapi, pupuk NPK, pupuk ZA, insektisida serta fungisida.Analisis untuk data kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan diagram distribusi frekuensi sedangkan data kuantitatif menggunakan uji t independen serta data kualitatif untuk karakter tongkol dilakukan dengan pemberian skoring yang menggunakan deskripsi standar jagung yang dikeluarkan oleh IBPGR yang kemudian dilanjutkan uji t pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek xenia berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter warna biji, tipe biji dan bentuk permukaan biji teratas sedangkan untuk karakter panjang tongkol (cm), panjang tangkai tongkol (cm), diameter tongkol (cm), diameter janggel (cm), diameter rachis (cm), jumlah biji per baris, jumlah baris biji, panjang biji (mm), lebar biji (mm), tebal biji (mm), susunan baris biji, warna janggel dan bentuk tongkol tidak terdapat pengaruh xenia.Urutan dominansi warna biji adalah ungu, putih, ujung kuning, oranye, merah, loreng, kuning, ujung putih, dan coklat. Urutan dominansi tipe biji adalah semi gigi kuda, mutiara, gigi kuda dan semi mutiara sedangkan urutan dominansi pada bentuk permukaan biji teratas adalah bundar, bergerigi, berkerut dan datar.
English Abstract
Hybridization is an alternative way to create genetic variability in maize breeding programme. Genetically, a cross will be raised so as to increase heterozygosity of genetic diversity. In inheritance, gene expression from hybridization of male and female parents elders can only be expressed in the next generation, however, xenia effect the result of hybridization can be expressed directly in the organ while crossing female parent . This study was conducted at the garden practical UB, Jatikerto village, Kromengan district, Malang regency at an altitude of 303 meters above sea level, with soil type alfisol and minimum temperature of 18-21ºC, maximum temperature of 30-33ºC on March-July 2013. The tools used include: hoe, dibble, tag paper, samson paper, staples, scissor, tape measure, calipers, and camera. The materials used three purple maize genotypes, three sweet maize genotypes, four waxy maize genotypes, cow manure, NPK fertilizer, ZA fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides. Analysis of the qualitative data was processed using a frequency distribution diagrams while analysis of the quantitative data was processed using independent t-test at the 5% significance level and the qualitative data for cob characters using the Standardized Descriptors List for Maize formulated by IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetik Resources) for scoring and continued to independent t-test. This result showed that xenia effects significantly affect the character of kernel type, kernel colour, shape of upper surface while kernel row arrangement, cob colour, shape of uppermost ear, ear length, peduncle length, ear diameter, cob diameter, rachis diameter, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows, kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness there was no xenia effect. Sequence of dominance seed color is purple, white, yellow cap, orange, red, mottled, yellow, white cap and brown. Sequence of dominance type of seed was semi dent, flint, dent and semi flint while descending order of dominance in the shape of upper surface is rounded, indented, shrunken and level.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/64/051401381 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Feb 2014 14:07 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 03:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130020 |
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1._PENDAHULUAN.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
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