Mahmudah, Rinawati (2014) Analisis Respon Penawaran Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus radiatus) di Indonesia. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman Kacang-kacangan (leguminosa), seperti kacang hijau, kacang merah, kacang kedelai, dan kacang tanah, saat ini sudah dimanfaatkan secara luas di seluruh dunia, karena merupakan salah satu komoditas bahan pangan yang sangat potensial (Agustina dan Rohman, 2010). Kacang- kacangan dapat diolah baik yang masih muda ataupun yang sudah tua. Kacang-kacangan dalam bentuk biji atau polong muda, dapat digunakan sebagai bahan sayuran segar, dikeringkan atau dibekukan. Kacang yang sudah tua dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk pangan, seperti tepung, makanan kaleng, susu, isolat protein, digoreng untuk kudapan, dan lain-lain. Selain itu, kacang-kacangan merupakan sumber lemak, vitamin, mineral, dan serat (dietary fiber) (Astawan, 2009). Kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus) merupakan salah satu bahan pangan dari suku kacang-kacangan yang memiliki banyak manfaat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai sumber bahan pangan berprotein nabati tinggi sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai makanan pengganti daging. Kacang hijau di Indonesia menempati urutan ketiga terpenting sebagai tanaman pangan legum, setelah kedelai dan kacang tanah (Rukmana, 1996). Masyarakat di Indonesia sudah tidak asing dengan komoditas kacang hijau, terutama kacang hijau banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku kecambah dan bakpia. Untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan kacang hijau dan menambah keanekaragaman pangan, salah satu alternatifnya adalah mengolah kacang hijau menjadi produk olahan makanan. Penawaran kacang hijau di Indonesia selama 11 tahun mengalami fluktuasi. Fluktuasi tersebut dapat terjadi karena adanya perbedaan faktor-faktor produksi dan jenis teknologi yang digunakan, faktor eksternal (perluasan lahan), serta faktor-faktor lain yang memepengaruhi baik langsung maupun tidak langsung (Tambunan, 2003). Produktivitas pada komoditas pertanian sulit untuk diprediksi karena berkaitan erat dengan penggunaan lahan dan kondisi-kondisi tertentu seperti kekeringan, tingginya curah hujan, atau hama penyakit. Selain itu kondisi biologis dari tanaman itu sendiri yang tidak mampu merespon secara cepat adanya perubahan harga karena adanya masa tunggu dari saat tanam menuju panen. Kementrian pertanian (2012) menyatakan bahwa kebutuhan kacang hijau nasional setiap tahun terus mengalami peningkatan, namun tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan luas panen dan produksi, sehingga kekurangan kebutuhan tersebut dipenuhi dengan cara mengimpor dari beberapa negara lain, seperti India, Filipina dan Thailand. Kebutuhan kacang hijau terus meningkat rata-rata setiap tahun kurang lebih sekitar 330.000,00 ton per tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif, yaitu pertama, untuk menjelaskan perkembangan luas areal, produksi, produktivitas, harga serta impor komoditi kacang hijau Indonesia. Kedua, bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi respon luas areal dan respon produktivitas serta bagaimana respon penawaran kacang hijau terhadap harga kacang hijau dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Respon penawaran dapat diketahui melalui dua pendekatan yaitu respon luas areal dan respon produktivitas. Pada analisis ini menggunakan Model Penyesuaian Parsial Nerlove dan diestimasi dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square).
English Abstract
Beans such as mung beans, red beans, soy beans and peanut, now, it has used widely around the world, because it is one of commodities which is really potential (Agustina and rahman, 2010). Beans can be processed either still young and the old one. beans in the form of seeds or pods young, can be used as an ingredient as fresh vegetables, dried or frozen. Beans the old one can be processed to a variety of food products, as of flour, canned food, milk, isolates protein, fried for snacks, and others. In addition, beans is a source of fat, vitamins, minerals, and fibers (dietary fiber) (Astawan, 2009). Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) is one of beans who has many benefits in our daily life as a source of high-protein vegetable so that it can be used as meat substitutes. Mung beans in Indonesia ranks as the third most important food legume crop , after soybean and peanut ( Rukmana , 1996) . Peoples in Indonesia are familiar with mung beans, especially mung beans are widely used as raw sprouts and bakpia. To increase utilization of mung beans and add to the diversity of food, one alternative is to process mung beans to be processed food products. Supply of mung beans in Indonesia for 11 years has fluctuated. The fluctuations may occur because of the difference the factors of production are used, and the type of technology the external factor (exstensification), and other factors that influenced either directly or indirectly (Tambunan 2003). Productivity in agricultural commodities difficult to predict because closely related to the use of the land, and specific conditions as drought the heavy rainfall, or pest disease. In addition, a condition of biological of a plant itself is unable to respond to the price change quickly because of the wait from the cropping to the harvest. Kementrian Pertanian (2012) declaring that the needs of mung beans national, every year has been increasing but it was not followed by increase in extent harvesting and production, so that a shortage of the need to be fulfilled by means of some other countries, importing like india, the Philippines and Thailand. The needs of the average mung beans continued to rise every year about 330.000,00 tons per year. This research was using quantitative analysis, first to descibe the development of the acreage, production, productivity, commodity prices and import mung beans in indonesia. Second, is to analyze the factors that affects response the acreage and response productivity and how response offer mung beans against price mung beans in the short-run and long-run. Response can be known through an offering of two approaches is the acreage and response productivity response. In this analysis using Nerlove partial adjustment model and estimated by OLS (Ordinary Least Square). The results showed that the annual growth of mung beans harvest acreage tends to decrease the amount of -1.67 percent , while productivity growth and production is likely to increase respectively by 2.41 percent and 0.73 percent . On average in the last 10 years for import of 30,360 tonnes , or a growth of 18.18 percent each year . Producer prices of mung beans has increased significantly from 2003 to 2011, even able to outperform the price of soybeans . The average growth increase in the price of mung beans of 8.32 percent per year. Based on estimates of acreage response , the factors that influence changes in the total area of mung beans are the price of mung beans in previous year , the price of soybeans in previous year, the price of corn in previous year, imports of the previous year and the acreage in previous. While the response of productivity , the factors that influence the productivity response is the trend of technology and productivity of the previous year. Response offers mung beans in Indonesia can be determined by first calculating the value of the supply elasticity of mung beans in Indonesia, both in the short and long-run. Based on the results of the study , the response of mung beans toward the price of mung beans in the short-runabout 0.132 , while the response of mung beans toward the price of mung beans in the long-run about -0.361. This shows if the price of mung beans increase in the short-run and long-run , the decision to increase the supply through increased acreage is relatively small chances . Short-run supply response is greater than the long-run supply response. So the opportunity to increase the acreage in the short-runis better than in the long-run. Supply of mung beans are less responsive to price changes , so the government as policy makers could consider other factors beyond the price of the commodity green beans , like other commodity prices , the price of production factors in deciding the direction of policy.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/53/051401512 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Mar 2014 09:19 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 03:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/130008 |
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