Yuanasari, BayuSubekti (2014) Peningkatan Viabilitas Benih Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max L. Merr) Melalui Invigorasi Osmoconditioning. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Di Indonesia kedelai hitam dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan kecap. Setiap tahun terjadi peningkatan konsumsi kecap di masyarakat. Untuk itu, produksi kedelai hitam perlu ditingkatkan dan salah satu upayanya adalah dengan penggunaan benih bermutu. Tetapi permasalahannya, benih kedelai hitam termasuk benih orthodok yang cepat mengalami kemunduran, terutama jika kondisi lingkungan simpan kurang menguntungkan. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu benih yang telah mengalami kemunduran ialah melalui invigorasi osmoconditioning. Invigorasi osmoconditioning merupakan perlakuan untuk meningkatkan viabilitas benih dengan cara mengatur laju imbibisi benih menggunakan larutan yang memiliki potensial osmotik yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perlakuan yang terbaik dari invigorasi osmo-conditioning menggunakan PEG-6000. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini ialah terdapat pengaruh lama perendaman, konsentrasi larutan PEG-6000 dan interaksinya, terhadap peningkatan viabilitas benih kedelai hitam yang telah mengalami kemunduran mutu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2014. Alat yang digunakan meliputi Alat Pengecambah Benih (APB), timbangan analitik, pinset, penggaris, gelas ukur dan pipet. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi Benih kedelai hitam varietas Detam-2 (yang telah disimpan selama 22 bulan pada kondisi simpan terkendali), aquades, PEG-6000, plastik, label dan kertas stensil sebagai media tanam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama ialah lama perendaman (L) dengan 3 taraf yaitu L1= 6 jam; L2= 12 jam dan L3= 18 jam. Faktor kedua ialah perlakuan invigorasi osmoconditioning (P) dengan 5 taraf yaitu P0= Perendaman dengan aquades; P1= perendaman dengan PEG-6000 konsentrasi 5%; P2= PEG-6000 konsentrasi 10%; P3= PEG-6000 konsentrasi 15% dan P4= PEG-6000 konsentrasi 20%. Percobaan ini diulang sebanyak empat kali, sehingga terdapat 60 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan, digunakan 50 butir benih. Perlakuan osmoconditioning dan aquades dilakukan dengan cara merendam benih pada suhu kamar (±280C). Rasio antara benih dengan media osmoconditioning dan aquades adalah 1:5 (g mL-1). Benih kedelai ditanam dengan metode UKDdp (Uji Kertas Digulung didirikan dalam plastik). Setiap satuan percobaan menggunakan 2 gulungan, tiap gulungan berisi 25 butir benih. Kemudian gulungan diletakkan di APB dan diamati. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi daya berkecambah (DB), kecepatan tumbuh (KCT), keserempakan tumbuh (KST), indeks vigor (IV), bobot kering kecambah normal (BKKN), panjang hipokotil dan panjang akar. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis ragam atau uji F. Apabila uji F menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata, maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, interaksi perlakuan benih yang direndam selama 12 jam menggunakan larutan PEG-6000 konsentrasi 15% (L2P3), secara efektif menghasilkan nilai keserempakan tumbuh dan panjang hipokotil yang paling optimal. Pada faktor tunggal invigorasi osmoconditioning, penggunaan larutan PEG-6000 konsentrasi 15% (P3), menghasilkan nilai daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh dan bobot kering kecambah normal yang paling tinggi. Pada faktor tunggal lama perendaman, perendaman benih selama 12 jam (L2), memberikan nilai daya berkecambah, indeks vigor dan panjang akar yang optimal.
English Abstract
In Indonesia, black soybeans use as the main ingredients of ketchup. Every year there is an increase in consumption of ketchup in the community. For that, there needs to be an increase in the production of black soybean and its efforts is the use of seed with good quality. But, the problem is black soybean seed include orthodox seed with rapid deteriorated, especially if seed stored in sub optimum conditions. Solutions that could be applied to improve seed quality is invigoration osmoconditioning. Which is a treatment that can control seed water uptake for enhance seed viability by osmotic solutions with a low water potential. The aim of this research was to get the best treatment from invigoration osmoconditioning with PEG-6000. The hypothesis is there are effect of soaking duration, concentration of PEG-6000 and their interactions to enhance the viability of black soybean seed that had deteriorated. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, in June until July 2014. The tools used were seed germinator (APB), scales analytic, nippers, rulers, measuring cup and pipette. The materials used were black soybean seed varieties Detam-2 (which had been stored for 22 month in optimum conditions), distilled water, PEG-6000, plastics, labels and paper stencils as testing medium. The research were arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial consisted of two factors. The first factor was soaking duration (L) with 3 levels i.e. L1 = 6; L2 = 12 and L3 = 18 hours. The second factor was the treatment invigoration osmo-conditioning (P) with 5 levels i.e. P0 = distilled water; P1 = PEG-6000 with 5% concentration; P2 = PEG-6000 with 10% concentration; P3 = PEG-6000 with 15% concentration and P4 = PEG-6000 with 20% concentration. This experiment was repeated four times, so there was 60 experimental units and each it used 50 seeds. Osmoconditoning and distiled water treatment was done by soaking the seeds at room temperature (±28oC). The ratio between the seed with media osmoconditioning and distilled water was 1:5 (g mL-1). Soybean seed germinated by UKDdp methods (Rolled Paper in plastic). Each experimental unit was using 2 rolls and contained 25 seeds respectively. And then, the rolls placed in APB and observed. Observations were including seed germination (DB), speed of germination (KCT), uniformity of germination (KST), vigor of index (IV), seedling dry weight (BKKN), hypocotyl length and root length. Data were analyzed with ANOVA or F-test. If F-test showed significant difference, it would be followed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) test at 5% level. The results showed that invigoration osmoconditioning with PEG-6000 15% for 12 hours (L2P3) gave the optimal value for uniformity of germination and hypocotyl length. The single factor of invigoration osmoconditioning, maximum seed germination, speed of germination and seedling dry weight were obtained from seeds osmoconditioned with PEG-6000 15% solution (P3). The single factor of soaking duration, the optimal value for seed germination, index of vigor and root length were observed on 12 hours (L2).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/461/051408270 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Dec 2014 15:40 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 13:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129943 |
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