Abidin, Zainul (2014) Pengaruh Bakteri Bacillus sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Patogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Penyebab Penyakit Rebah Semai Pada Tanaman Kedeali. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penyakit rebah semai (dumping off) yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Sclerotium rolfsii termasuk dalam kategori permasalahan penting pada tanaman kedelai. Penyakit rebah semai termasuk salah satu faktor pembatas yang penting dalam usaha produksi komoditas kedelai. Penyakit rebah semai tersebut dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil sekitar 75-100 persen. Sebaran penyakit tular tanah di Indonesia sangat luas, meliputi Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengendalian penyakit rebah semai selama ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan fungisida kimia sintetis, pengolahan tanah dan penggunaan fungsida nabati. Pengendalian dengan menggunakan fungisida kimia sintetis tergolong sangat efektif, tetapi resistensi dan resurgensi (peledakan kembali setelah resisten) dari S. rolfsii. Tetapi, residu aplikasi fungisida mampu mencemari hasil panen kedelai dan menimbulkan tekanan seleksi yang besar pada patogen. Penggunaan fungisida nabati tergolong ramah lingkungan namun beberapa kekurangan fungisida nabati ini mudah terdegradasi dan menguap ke udara. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui potensi bakteri antagonis Bacillus sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. dalam menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen S. rolfsii secara in vitro dan in vivo. Hipotesa pada penelitian ini ialah bakteri Bacillus sp. dan Pseudomonas sp. mampu menekan pertumbuhanm jamur patogen S. rolsii secara in vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang di mulai pada bulan Juni 2014–September 2014. Metode uji antagonis menggunakan oposisi langsung. Penelitian terdiri dari 8 perlakuan, dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati ialah jari-jari masing-masing isolat jamur patogen S. rolfsii dalam cawan petri sebagai indikator daya hambat bakteri antagonis dan kejadian penyakit pada uji secara in vivo. Data pengamatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf 5%. Bila hasil pengujian terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan bahwa perlakuan bakteri antagonis berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen S. rolfsii secara in vitro. Persentase daya hambat perlakuan isolat bakteri tersebut antara lain Bacillus sp UB-ABS1 (63%), UB-ABS4 (56%), UB-ABS5 (62%), dan UB-PF5 (38%). Perlakuan isolat bakteri antagonis juga berpengaruh terhadap penekanan persentase kejadian penyakit rebah semai secara in vivo. Persentase kejadian penyakit perlakuan isolat bakteri antagonis tersebut antara lain UB-ABS1 (22%), UB-ABS4 (40%), dan UB-ABS5 (33%).
English Abstract
Southern blight caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii included in the category of important issues on soybean plants. Southern blight is one important limiting factor in soybean production business. Southern blight (dumping off) can cause yield losses of about 75-100 percent. Distribution of soil borne diseases in Indonesia is very broad, including Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara. Control of Southern blight has been performed using synthetic chemical fungicides, soil tillage and the use of vegetable fungsida. Synthetic chemical fungicides classified as very effective, but resistance and resurgence (blasting back after resistance) of S. rolfsii. However, application of fungicide residues capable of polluting the soybean crops and cause great selection pressures on pathogens. The use of vegetable fungicides classified environmentally friendly but some shortcomings vegetable fungicide is easily degraded and evaporate into the air. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential antagonistic bacterium Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in suppressing the growth of the pathogen S. rolfsii in vitro and in vivo. The hypothesis in this study is the bacterium Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. are able to suppress the growth of fungal pathogen S. rolsii in vitro and in vivo. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. Starting in June 2014 to September 2014. The study consisted of 8 treatments, with each treatment was repeated 4 replicates. The observed parameters are the radius of each fungal pathogen S. rolfsii isolates in a petri dish as an indicator of inhibition of bacterial antagonists and disease incident in vivo assay. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance at 5% level. When the test results there is significant then followed by Duncans test at the 5% level. The results analysis of variance showed that treatment of bacterial antagonists affect the growth of the pathogen S. rolfsii in vitro. The percentage of inhibition treatment of bacterial isolates include Bacillus sp UB-ABS1 (63%), UB-ABS4 (56%), UB-ABS5 (62%), and UB-PF5 (38%). Treatment of antagonistic bacteria also affect the incidence of suppression percentage Southern blight in vivo. Percentage disease incidence of treatment antagonistic bacteria include UB-ABS1 (22%), UB-ABS4 (40%), and UB-ABS5 (33%).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/448/051408095 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Dec 2014 10:38 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 12:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129928 |
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