Tanzil, AhmadIlham (2014) Eksplorasi Keanekaragaman Jamur Tanah Pada Rizosfir Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill.) Di Lahan Endemis Dan Non Endemis Serta Potensi Antagonisnya Terhadap Patogen Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Ly. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tomat ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) merupakan komoditas sayuran jenis buah yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Pada tahun 2012, produksi tomat nasional mengalami penurunan 6,97% dari tahun sebelumnya. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh gangguan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (OPT) seperti jamur patogen tular tanah Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Alternatif pengendalian dengan memanfaatkan potensi jamur tanah pada daerah rizosfir yang berperan dalam perlindungan tanaman yakni sebagai agens pengendali hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keanekaragamaan jamur tanah yang terdapat di rizosfir tanaman tomat pada lahan endemis dan non endemis layu fusarium serta potensi antagonismenya terhadap F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici penyebab layu fusarium tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikologi, Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang dan Laboratorium Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Surabaya pada bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode survei, komparasi, dan ekplorasi. Survei dilaksanakan dengan melakukan wawancara dengan tokoh kunci dan mengamati kondisi lahan secara langsung. Komparasi dilakukan untuk membandingkan kedua kondisi lahan tomat yang memiliki karakter endemis dan non endemis layu fusarium. Ekplorasi jamur tanah diambil pada rizosfer tanaman tomat lahan endemis di Desa Donowarih, Kecamatan Karangploso dan lahan non endemis di Desa Junggo, Kecamatan Bumiaji, serta uji antagonis jamur tanah yang diperoleh terhadap F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pada media PDA. Jamur tanah yang diperoleh dari lahan endemis sebanyak 15 isolat jamur dan terdiri 4 genus yang terdeterminasi antara lain Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Gonatobotryum sp., Humicola sp., dan 2 jamur yang tidak terdeterminasi. Sedangkan dari lahan non endemis sebanyak 22 isolat jamur dan terdiri 11 genus yang terdeterminasi antara lain Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp., Aureobasidium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Gonatobotryum sp., Humicola sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., dan 2 jamur yang tidak terdeterminasi. Nilai keanekaragaman jamur tanah lahan endemis dan non endemis >3 yakni 5,100 dan 5,455 yang termasuk kategori keanekaragaman tinggi. Nilai dominasi jamur tanah lahan endemis dan non endemis <0,5 yakni 0,248 dan 0,337 yang termasuk kategori dominasi rendah. Nilai keseragaman jamur tanah lahan endemis dan non endemis > 1 yakni 1,883 dan 1,765 yang termasuk kategori keseragaman tinggi. Hasil uji antagonis tertinggi pada jamur Aspergillus sp.7 sebesar 75,38% dari lahan endemis dan jamur Rhizopus sp.2 sebesar 76,92% dari lahan non endemis.
English Abstract
Tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill .) is very potential vegetable fruit comodity to be developed. In 2012, tomato national production decreased as much as 6,97% than one years before. It is caused by pest and plant disease such as soil fungi borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Alternative restraint use soil fungi potency in tomato’s rhizosphere which plays role as plant protection in biological control. This research aimed to know the diversity of soil fungi on tomato’s rhizosphere at endemic-non endemic field and the potential of antagonism against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici as the cause of tomato’s fusarium wilt. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang and Laboratory of Agriculture Quarantine Association, Surabaya in March to August 2014. The method used in this research were survey methods, comparison, and exploration. Survey was conducted by interviewing the main personage and visiting the field directly. Comparison was conducted to compare both endemic and non endemic field characteristic of fusarium wilt. Exploration of the soil fungi from tomato’s rhizosphere was taken in the Donowarih village, Karang ploso district as endemic field and Junggo village, Bumiaji district as non endemic field, and testing antagonistic soil fungi obtained against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on PDA media. Soil fungi which was obtained from endemic field as many as 15 fungi isolates and consisted of 4 identified genus were Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Gonatobotryum sp., Humicola sp., and 2 unidentifed fungi. Soil fungi which was obtained from non endemic field as many as 22 fungi isolates and consisted of 11 identified genus were Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp., Aureobasidium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Chrysosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Gonatobotryum sp., Humicola sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., and 2 unidentifed fungi . Diversity index of soil fungi on tomato’s rhizosphere from endemic and non endemic field were grouped into high diversity (5,100 and 5,455). Domination index of soil fungi from endemic and non endemic field were grouped into low domination (0,248 and 0,337). Uniformmity index of soil fungi from endemic and non endemic field were grouped into high uniformmity (1,883 and 1,765). Based on the highest antagonist test, on Aspergillus sp.7 fungi were 75,38% from endemic field and Rhizopus sp.2 fungi were 76,92% from non endemic field.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/433/051407931 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Dec 2014 11:15 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2021 08:37 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129912 |
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