UmayatulAliah, Nurul (2014) Hubungan Ketebalan Lapisan Epidermis Daun Terhadap Serangan Jamur Mycosphaerella musicola Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Daun Sigatoka Pada Sepuluh Kultivar Pisang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
ang adalah salah satu buah tropis yang sudah populer di masyarakat dan potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia. Secara umum produktivitas pisang yang dikembangkan masyarakat masih sangat rendah, di Lampung produktivitas pisang hanya 10-15 ton/ha, padahal potensi produktivitasnya mencapai 35-40 ton/ha.( Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 2008). Kesenjangan produktivitas tersebut terutama disebabkan tingginya gangguan penyakit terutama oleh serangan penyakit sigatoka. Penyebab penyakit ini adalah jamur Mycosphaerella musicola. Sampai saat ini belum diketahui kultivar tanaman pisang yang benar-benar tahan terhadap penyakit sigatoka. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan tanaman adalah tebal epidermis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa kultivar pisang terhadap penyakit sigatoka dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan lapisan epidermis daun terhadap serangan penyakit bercak daun sigatoka. Penelitian uji kultivar dilakukan di Screen House Desa Pujiharjo Kecamatan Tirtoyudo Kabupaten Malang dengan suhu 25-29 0 C. Isolasi jamur M. Musicola dilakukan di laboraturium Mikologi Jurusan Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya dan pembuatan preparat lapisan epidermis dilaksanakan di laboraturium Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Brawijaya. Waktu pelaksanaan dimulai pada bulan Maret 2013 sampai dengan bulan Juni 2013. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sepuluh kultivar pisang sebagai perlakuan yaitu, kultivar pisang Ambon hijau; V1, Pisang Ambon kuning; V2, Pisang Barlin;V3, Pisang Candi;V4, Pisang Kepok;V5, Pisang Mas;V6, Pisang Raja nangka;V7, Pisang Raja talun; V8, Pisang Susu;V9 dan PisangBarlin; V10 , setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali. Gejala serangan penyakit sigatoka mulai terlihat pada permukaan daun pisang kurang lebih dua minggu setelah inokulasi. Gejala yang terlihat berupa bintik-bintik kuning muda kemudian kecoklatan, pada perkembangan lebih lanjut bercak daun berwana coklat tua keabu - abuan ditengah. Berdasarkan pengamatan secara makroskopis pada media PDA pertumbuhan koloni menyebar tidak rata, pada awal pertumbuhan koloni berwarna hijau zaitun kehitaman, hal ini sesui dengan pendapat Crous (2009). Setelah beberapa hari koloni menebal seperti butiran pasir berwarna hitam dan pada tepi berwarna hijau zaitun. Koloni tidak muda terpencar dan berkembang memenuhi cawan petri. Diameter koloni jamur mencapai 9 cm pada inkubasi hari ke 14. Berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopis, Konidia berbentuk
English Abstract
Bananas are a tropical fruit that is popular in the Society and is potentiallly developed in Indonesia. In general, the productivity of banana is still very low, in Lampung banana productivity is only 10-15 tons / ha, whereas the potential productivity of banans can reaches 35-40 tons / ha. (Center of Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development, 2008). Productivity gap is mainly caused high risk of disease, especially Sigatoka leaf spot disease. The source of the disease is a fungus Mycosphaerella musicola. The cultivars of banana which are completely resistant to sigatoka disease are not found until nowdays. One of the factors that influence plant resistance is epidermis thickness. This research to determine the resistance of some banana cultivars to Sigatoka diseases and to determine the effect of the thickness of the epidermal layer of the leaf against Sigatoka leaf spot disease. Research was conducted at the test cultivars Screen House Pujiharjo Village in Tirtoyudo District of Malang with temperature 25-290 C. The isolation of the fungus M. Musicola was performed in the laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya while bload smears preparation of epidermal layer was implemented in the laboratory of Plant Taxonomy , Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UB. The research was conducted from early march to June 2014. The research method used was completely randomized design with ten cultivars of banana as a treatment comprising, banana cultivar Ambon hijau; V1, Ambon kuning; V2, Barlin;V3, Candi;V4, Kepok;V5, Mas;V6, Raja nangka;V7, Raja talun; V8, Susu;V9 and Barlin; V10, each treatment was repeated five times. Sigatoka disease symptoms begin was observed on the surface of a banana leaf approximately two weeks after inoculation. Symptoms were visible in the form of pale yellow spots and then brownish, the further development of leaf spot changed into greyish brown in to middle of leaf. Based on observations of macroscopic on PDA colony growth spread uneverly, in the early growth the colony was dark yellow green olive, it is in line with Crous (2009). After a few days the colonies thickened like a grain of black and on edge was yellow green olive. The colony did not spread easly and grew to fill the petridish. Fungis colony diameter reached 9 cm on day 14 of incubation. Based on microscopic observations, Conidia’s shape was tubular, insulated, blunt ends slightly curved and pale brown. The fastest of sigatoka symptom
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/346/051406875 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Oct 2014 08:44 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 07:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129819 |
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