Durahman, Dede (2014) Eksplorasi Nematoda Parasit Tumbuhan Pada Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) Di Kecamatan Kesamben Kabupaten Blitar. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) ialah tanaman perdu wangi berdaun halus dan berbatang segi empat. Tanaman nilam merupakan salah satu komoditas penghasil minyak atsiri andalan indonesia. Sebagian besar produk minyak nilam diekspor untuk dipergunakan dalam industri parfum, kosmetik, antiseptik dan insektisida. Salah satu masalah dalam budidaya nilam di Indonesia adalah adanya serangan nematoda parasit tumbuhan. Kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan nematoda apabila populasinya tinggi dapat menimbulkan kerusakan ekonomi. Penelitian tentang eksplorasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan pada tanaman nilam belum dikembangkan secara luas. Oleh karena itu penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui genus dan populasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang menyerang tanaman nilam serta potensinya dalam menyebabkan kerusakan yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama, Sub. Laboratorium Nematologi, jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan Laboratorium Karantina Tumbuhan, Sub. Laboratorium Nematologi, Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Surabaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Maret sampai Juni 2014. Sampel diambil dari lahan induk Nilam desa Kesamben,kecamatan Kesamben, kabupaten Blitar Propinsi Jawa Timur. Teknik ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah Corong Baerman. Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 5 kali dengan interval waktu pengamatan 1 minggu. Terdapat 5 titik pengambilan sampel pada masing-masing waktu pengamatan baik untuk sampel akar maupun tanah. Kemudian sampel diekstraksi dan diidentifikasi. Identifikasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan morfometri, yaitu berdasarkan bentuk dan ukuran tubuh. Perhitungan kerapatan populasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus Prasetyono (1997) dan dilanjutkan dengan rumus Norton (1978). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang ditemukan berasosiasi dengan tanaman Nilam di desa Kesamben adalah Paratylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., Meloidogyne sp., Aphelenchoides sp. dan Tylenchus sp. Kerapatan populasi tertinggi dimiliki oleh Meloidogyne sp. sedangkan populasi terendah dan frekuensi relatif dengan nilai tertinggi dimiliki oleh Tylenchus sp. Kerapatan populasi dan sebaran dari masing-masing jenis nematoda berbeda-beda, baik pada akar tanaman maupun pada tanah.
English Abstract
Patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is finely leaved aromatic shrub and square trunked. Patchouli plant is an essential oil producing plant which is an Indonesia‟s top commodity. Most of patchouli oil products are exported to be used in the perfume, cosmetic, antiseptic and insecticide industry. One of the problems in patchouli cultivation in Indonesia is plant parasitic nematode attack. Plant damage caused by the attack of high populated plant parasitic nematode can cause an economic damage. The research of plant parasitic nematode‟s exploration on patchouli plant has not been developed widely. Therefore, a research was conducted to find out the genus and population of plant parasitic nematode attacked patchouli plant and its potential in causing damage. The research was conducted in the Pest Laboratory, Sub-Nematology Laboratory, Department of Pest and Plant Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya Malang and Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Sub-Nematology Laboratory, Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian, Surabaya. The research was conducted on March to June 2014. The sample of the research was taken from patchouli land-holding in Kesamben District, Kesamben Sub-District, Blitar Regency, East Java Province. The extraction technique used was Baermann Funnel Technique. The research was begun by taking sample five times with 1 week interval of observations. There were five sampling points at each time of observation for both the root and soil samples. Then the sample was extracted and identified. Identification of plant parasitic nematode was conducted based on morphological and morphometric characters, based on the shape and size of the body. The calculations of plant parasitic nematode population density were carried out using Prasetyono formula (1997) and were continued with the Norton formula (1978). The result showed that the plant parasitic nematode that were found associated with the patchouli plant in Kesamben district were Paratylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., Meloidogyne sp., Aphelenchoides sp. and Tylenchus sp. The highest population density was owned by Meloidogyne sp. whereas the lowest population and the relative frequency with the highest value were owned by Tylenchus sp. The population density and distribution of each nematode type were` different, both on plant root and on the soil.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2014/237/051405411 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Sep 2014 12:01 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 06:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129697 |
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