Kristiari, Dita (2013) Seleksi Tongkol Ke Baris (Ear To Row Selection) Jagung Ungu (Zea Mays Var Ceratina Kulesh). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Produksi jagung tahun 2012 (Angka Sementara) sebesar 19,38 juta ton pipilan kering atau mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1,73 juta ton (9,83 persen) dibanding tahun 2011. Kenaikan produksi tersebut terjadi di Jawa sebesar 1,24 juta ton dan di luar Jawa sebesar 0,49 juta ton. Kenaikan produksi terjadi karena peningkatan luas panen seluas 95,22 ribu hektar (2,46 persen) dan kenaikan produktivitas sebesar 3,28 kuintal/hektar (7,19 persen) (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2013). Hingga saat ini pemuliaan tanaman jagung di Indonesia masih sedikit untuk dikembangkan. Padahal permintaan pasar akan jagung manis terus meningkat di wilayah Asia dan sebagian Eropa, tentunya Indonesia termasuk salah satunya. Jagung manis biasanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk jagung muda sebagai jagung rebus atau jagung kukus (steam), karena mempunyai rasa manis dan enak karena kandungan gulanya tinggi. Selain itu purple corn anthocyanin (PCA) pada di dalam jagung ungu yang berperan menyembuhkan penyakit diabetes (Dyah, 2012). Hipotesis (1) Terdapat populasi jagung (ungu x manis) yang mempunyai perbedaan pada beberapa sifat komponen hasil. (2) Terdapat hubungan /korelasi diantara sifat komponen hasil yang diamati. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Desa Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu yang mempunyai ketinggian ± 610 m dpl, suhu minimum 22°C dan suhu maksimum 30°C, kelembaban udara sekitar 75% dan curah hujan ± 215 mm per bulan, pada bulan November 2012 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan seleksi ear to row, merupakan seleksi tongkol ke baris. Tidak terpengaruh lingkungan meskipun tidak ditanam di rumah kaca, karena pada lahan telah dibuat plot-plot lebih kecil, sehingga lebih sedikit gangguan dari lingkungan. Diulang dua kali dengan 15 tanaman tiap plot pada tiap ulangan. Satu ulangan terdiri dari 25 tanaman dan 5 tanaman diambil menjadi sampel. Sehingga terdapat 225 unit percobaan. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 75 cm x 25 cm. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dengan taraf 5%, apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada seleksi ear to row tidak berdasarkan hasil panen secara kuantitatif melainkan kualitatif. Tidak berbeda nyata dan juga tidak terdapat keragaman yang tinggi antara populasi terdapat pada sifat jumlah daun diatas tongkol, panjang tangkai tongkol, diameter tongkol dan diameter janggel. Tinggi tongkol umumnya mempunyai hubungan positif dengan jumlah biji per tongkol. Saran penelitian ini adalah populasi IX merupakan populasi yang paling seragam yang perlu diuji lebih lanjut pada seleksi berikutnya.
English Abstract
The maize production in 2012 (Provisional figures) was 19,38 million ton dry shelled or increased 1,73 million ton (9,83 percent) than 2011. The increment of production that had occured in Java was 1,24 million ton and outer Java was 0,49 million ton. It was occured because the increment of harvest area with 95,22 thousand hectare (2,46 percent) and the increment of productivity with 3,28 quintal/hectare (7,19 percent) (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2013). Until at the moment, maize breeding in Indonesia still a few to be developed. Whereas market demand for maize increased continuously in Asia and part of Europe territory, Indonesia was one of them. The maize usually was eaten in young maize as boiled maize or steamed maize, because it was sweet and delicious because it had high content of sugar. Moreover purple maize anthocyanin (PCA) in purple maize that could recover diabetes (Dyah, 2012). Hypothesis (1) There was a population of maize (purple x sweet) that had difference on some result component characteristic. (2) There was a correlation between result component characteristic that was observed. The experiment was held in Dadaprejo, Junrejo sub district, Batu. The altitude in this place is ± 610 m above sea level, minimum temperature was 22°C and maximum temperature was 30°C, air humidity was about 75% and rainfall was ± 215 mm per month, on November 2012 until March 2013. Experiment used ear to row selection. It wasn’t influenced by environment although it was not planted at greenhouse, because in the land had been made smaller plots, so that it got fewer distruption from environment. It was repeated twice with 15 plants every plots at each repeatition. One repetition were consisted of 25 plants and five plants as sample. So there were 225 experiment. Plant spacing used 75 cm x 25 cm. The data was subjected to a test use analysis of variance with 5% degrees, there was significant and it was continued with Least Significant Difference test with 5% degrees. The result of experiment showed that ear to row selection was not based quantitative yield but qualitative. The unsignificantly different and there were not many varieties between populations were there in character of high ear and total of seed per ear. The high of ear generally had positive correlation with total of seed per ear. The experiment suggestion was the population IX was most uniform population that was need to be tested at next selection.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2013/173/051307620 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Hasbi |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Nov 2013 08:50 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 03:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/129287 |
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