Aulia, Ramadhani (2011) Peran Biochar pada Perbaikan Beberapa Sifat-Sifat Alfisol Jatikerto Terdegradasi serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung dan Kacang Tanah dalam Sistem Tumpangsari. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sistem pertanian intensif menyebabkan tanah menjadi keras, porositas tanah rendah, nilai tukar ion tanah turun, rendahnya daya ikat air, rendahnya populasi dan aktivitas mikroba, dan secara keseluruhan berakibat rendahnya tingkat kesuburan tanah, sehingga dalam jangka waktu tertentu terjadi degradasi lahan. Salah satu upaya rehabilitasi tanah terdegradsi dengan meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah. Penambahan bahan organik ini akan memberikan dampak dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanah terdegradasi. Sisa proses pirolisis yang berupa arang atau dikenal dengan biochar merupakan bahan yang bermanfaat bagi pertanian dan dapat menjadi amandemen tambahan untuk tanah yang potensial meningkatkan kemampuan tanah. Tujuan penelitian adalah : (1) Mengkaji peran biochar sebagai bahan organik pada perbaikan sifat fisik (kemantapan agregat) dan sifat kimia (C-organik, pH, ketersedian N dan KTK) Alfisol Jatikerto yang terdegradasi dan (2) pertumbuhan tanaman jagung dan kacang tanah dalam sistem tumpang sari berbasis ubikayu. Hipotesis penelitian adalah : (1) Pemberian Biochar sebagai bahan organik mampu memperbaiki sifat fisik (kemantapan agregat) dan sifat kimia (C-organik, pH, ketersedian N dan KTK) Alfisol Jatikerto yang terdegradasi dan (2) meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung dan kacang tanah dalam sistem tumpang sari berbasis ubikayu. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang, yang merupakan bekas lahan tegalan yang telah mengalami pemadatan dan degradasi lahan. Analisa dasar tanah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisika dan Kimia Jurusan Tanah Universitas Brawijaya. Jagung/Kacang Tanah ditanam pada petak-petak yang berukuran 5x4 meter dengan jarak tanam ubikayu 1x1 meter. Waktu penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Februari 2010 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2010. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah Kontrol (C + J dan C + K); Tanah + Pupuk Kandang 15ton/ha + NPK (C + J PK dan C + K PK); Tanah + Biochar Pupuk Kandang 15ton/ha + NPK (C + J BPK dan C + K BPK); Tanah + Biochar Ubikayu 15ton/ha + NPK (C + J BUK dan C + K BUK); Tanah + Pupuk Kandang diberikan Setiap Awal Tanam 15ton/ha + NPK (C + J PKA dan C + K PKA). Data yang diperoleh diuji secara statistik dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Uji korelasi digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian biochar memberikan pengaruh nyata (p > 5%) terhadap peningkatan kemantapan agregat, pH, ketersediaan nitrogen dan kapasitas tukar kation. Pada sistem tumpangsari ubikayu + jagung, peningkatan kemantapan agregat tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan biochar pupuk kandang (C + J BPK) (2,36 mm), sedangkan pada sistem tumpangsari ubikayu + kacang tanah, peningkatan kemantapan agregat tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan biochar pupuk kandang (C + K BPK) (2,55 mm). Peningkatan pH tertinggi pada sistem tumpangsari ubikayu + jagung terjadi pada perlakuan biochar ubikayu (C + J BUK) (6,8) dan pada sistem tumpangsari ubikayu + kacang tanah pada perlakuan biochar ubikayu (C + K BUK) (6,8). Pada sistem tumpangsari ubikayu + jagung, peningkatan kadar N-total tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan biochar pupuk kandang (C + J BPK) (0,14 %). Pada sistem tumpangsari ubikayu + kacang tanah, peningkatan kapasitas tukar kation tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan biochar ubi kayu (C + K BUK) (34,45 me/100 g ).
English Abstract
Intensive farming system causes the soil became hard, low soil porosity, soil ion exchange rate become less, low water holding capacity, low population and microbial activity, and the overall result in low levels of soil fertility, so within a certain period of widespread degradation of land. One of the rehabilitation degraded land is by improving soil organic content. The addition of this organic material will have an impact in improving the productivity of degraded land. Residual pyrolysis process in the form of charcoal or biochar is known as materials useful for agriculture and can be an additional amendment to the land that potentially to increase the ability of the soil. The research aimed to: 1) measure the role of biochar as an organic material on improving of physical (aggregate stability) and chemical properties (C-organic, pH, N release and CEC) Alfisol Jatikerto, 2) increasing plant growth of maize and peanut in cassava-based intercropping systems. The hypothesis of this research were: 1) application of Biochar as organic material improve the physical (aggregate stability) and chemical properties (C-organic, pH, availability of N and CEC) of Alfisol Jatikerto, 2) implementation of biochar increase plant growth of maize and peanut in cassava-based intercropping systems. This research was conducted on agricultural field research of Faculty of Agriculture, Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency, which have the problem of compaction and land degradation. Laboratory analysis held on Laboratory of Soil Physics and Chemistry, Soil science Department, faculty of Agriculture-Brawijaya University. Maize (J)/Peanut (K) planted in plots measuring 5x4 meters with spacing of 1x1 meters of cassava. The research started in February 2010 to May 2010. This experiment use Randomize Group Design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments include control (C + J and C + K); Soil + Cow Manure (PK) + NPK 15ton/ha (C + J PK and C + K PK); Soil + Cow Manure Biochar (BPK) + PK 15ton/ha (C + J BPK and C + K BPK); Soil + Cassava Biochar (BUK) + 15ton/ha NPK (C + J BUK and C + K BUK); Soil + Cow Manure which given each early planting (PKA) + 15ton/ha NPK (C + J PKA and C + K PKA). The data were statistically tested with LSD at 5% level. Correlation test used to determine the relationship between the parameters. The results showed that application of biochar give the real effect (p > 5%) on increasing of aggregate stability, pH, nitrogen release and cation exchange capacity. In cassava + maize intercropping systems, the highest of increasing of aggregate stability occured in the cow manure biochar treatment (C + J BPK) (2.36 mm), while in the intercropping cassava + peanut, an increase in aggregate stability was highest in the treatment of cow manure biochar (C + K BPK) (2.55 mm). The highest pH occurred in cassava + maize intercropping systems occur in the treatment of cassava biochar (C + J BUK) (6.8) and in intercropping cassava + peanut on treatment of cassava biochar (c + k BUK) (6.8). In cassava + maize intercropping system, the treatment of cow manure biochar (C + J BPK) was the highest affect (0.14%) on soil N total than other treatment. In the intercropping cassava + peanut, cation exchange capacity in the treatment of cassava biochar (C + K BUK) (34.45 me/100 g) was the highest than other treatment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2011/163/051103651 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Mar 2012 11:09 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Apr 2022 02:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/128668 |
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