Ghifari, Mokhamad Rukman (2010) Pengaruh Kondisi Seresah Permukaan terhadap Kerapatan Populasi Cacing Tanah Pada Kebun Kelapa Sawit. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Konversi lahan dari hutan alami atau hutan karet menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit akan mengubah sebaran seresah di permukaan tanah, selanjutnya akan menurunkan kandungan bahan organik tanah dan kerapatan populasi serta keragaman cacing tanah. Pengelolaan sisa tanaman di kebun kelapa sawit bervariasi di antara perkebunan. Umumnya sisa tanaman bertumpuk di satu gang antara dua baris (gawangan mati), sedangkan masukan seresah terendah terdapat di jalur pengangkutan panen (pasar pikul). Selain itu, zona sekitar pohon umumnya bebas dari gulma yang merupakan tempat aplikasi pupuk (piringan) dan di antara baris pohon (lorong antar pohon) ditumbuhi tumbuhan bawah. Perbedaan kondisi seresah di permukaan tanah dapat mempengaruhi sifat tanah dan kerapatan populasi cacing tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kondisi seresah di permukaan tanah terhadap kandungan bahan organik tanah dan kerapatan populasi cacing tanah pada kebun kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun kelapa sawit rakyat, kebun kelapa sawit plasma dan sebagai pembanding adalah di sistem agroforestri karet yang berada di sekitar kebun kelapa sawit. Survey dilakukan di transmigrasi Kuamang kuning, Muarabungo (Jambi) pada bulan Agustus 2009 sampai dengan Januari 2010, kegiatan yang dilakukan selama di lapangan meliputi pengukuran biomasa pohon, kondisi seresah dan kerapatan populasi cacing tanah. Penentuan titik pengamatan di setiap lahan dilakukan dalam plot pengamatan seluas 40 m x 100 m pada kebun kelapa sawit dan 10 m x 20 m pada agroforestri karet. Pada kebun kelapa sawit pengukuran variabel pengamatan dan pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan pada empat zona yaitu pasar pikul, piringan, lorong antar pohon dan gawangan mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi seresah (berat kering) yang berbeda di permukaan tanah terbukti tidak selalu diikuti oleh peningkatan C-organik tanah. Seresah di zona gawangan mati di kebun kelapa rakyat (sekitar 58 Mg ha-1) lebih rendah dari pada di kebun kelapa sawit plasma (67 Mg ha-1) dengan C-organik tanah sekitar 1.40 % dan 1.24 %. Sementara di zona piringan di kebun kelapa sawit rakyat (0.6 Mg ha-1) dan kebun sawit plasma (0.3 Mg ha-1) menunjukkan kondisi seresah terendah, tetapi memiliki kadar C-organik yang agak tinggi sekitar 1.39 % dan 1.36 %. Dibandingkan dengan kondisi sistem agroforestri karet menunjukkan bahwa kondisi seresah di zona gawangan mati pada kebun kelapa sawit jauh lebih tinggi. Seresah pada sistem agroforestri karet rata-rata 7.9 Mg ha-1 dengan kadar C-organik tanah sekitar 1.42 %. Perbedaan kondisi seresah di permukaan tanah tidak secara langsung mempengaruhi kerapatan populasi cacing tanah di kebun kelapa sawit. Perbedaan kondisi seresah lebih berpengaruh pada kelembaban tanah dan C/N rasio tanah. Peningkatan kerapatan populasi cacing tanah (jenis anesic dan endogeic) secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan C-organik tanah (Y = 51.25 x – 39.44; R2 = 0.791; n = 6). Manajemen yang lebih baik dengan peningkatan C-organik tanah dari 1.15 % menjadi 1.74 % akan meningkatkan kerapatan populasi cacing tanah dari 8 ekor m-2 menjadi 41 ekor m-2.
English Abstract
Land conversion from natural forest, or jungle rubber into oil palm plantations will change the distribution of standing litter, subsequently will reduce soil organic matter content and population density as well as diversity of earthworm. Management of harvest residue under oil palm varies among plantations. Generally plant residue is piled up in one alley between two rows (front stacking), while the lowest standing litter is in the harvest path. In the zone around trees normally free of weed (ring weeding) and in the inter row (corridor between trees) have a medium standing litter. The different in density of standing litter and soil condition lead to higher variation of earthworm population density. This research aims to study the effect of different density of standing litter on soil organic matter content and density of earthworm under oil palm plantation. The study was conducted in smallholder’s oil palm plantations, oil palm partnership plantations, compared to rubber agroforestry system near by oil palm plantations. Survey was conducted Kuamang kuning transmigration, Muarabungo (Jambi) in August 2009 to January 2010, the activity was continued by field measurements on tree biomass, standing litter and earthworm population density. The measurement was performed in area of 40 m x 100 m in oil palm plantation and a 10 m x 20 m in rubber agroforestry. Each measurement was done in four zones i.e. the front stacking, circle (around tree), inter-row and harvesting path. The results showed that higher density of standing litter (dry weight) of standing litter not always followed by higher soil organic carbon. The litter thickness in zone of front stacking in smallholder’s oil palm plantations (about 58 Mg ha-1) was lower than in oil palm partnership-plantation (67 Mg ha-1) with average soil organic-C was 1.40 % and 1.24 %, respectively. While in the circle zone and inter-row showed the lowest standing litter density about 0.6 Mg ha-1 and 0.3 Mg ha-1, but the soil organic-C content was rather high around 1.39 % and 1.36 %, respectively. Compared to the condition in rubber agroforestry system showed that density of standing litter in front stacking zone of oil palm was much higher than in rubber agroforestry system averaged 7.9 Mg ha-1 only with soil organic-C content about 1.42 % in the 0-30 cm soil depth. Different density of standing litter was not directly affect population density of earthworm in oil palm plantation, higher litter density followed by higher soil moisture and C/N ratio. Increasing population density of earthworms (mostly anesic and endogeic types) was significantly correlated to higher soil organic-C (Y = 51.25 x - 39.44; R2 = 0.791; n = 6). Better management with increasing soil organic-C from 1.15 % to 1.74 % will increase population density of earthworm from 8 indiv. m-2 to 41 indiv. m-2.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2010/298/051100165 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email repository.ub@ub.ac.id |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jan 2011 09:12 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Apr 2022 02:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/128530 |
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