Pramayshela, Riza (2018) Keanekaragaman Kumbang Ambrosia Pada Tanaman Kopi Multistrata Di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kumbang ambrosia merupakan hama penggerek kayu yang tinggal di dalam jaringan kayu tanaman dan hidup berasosiasi dengan jamur simbion penyebab penyakit pada tanaman. Salah satu tanaman inang kumbang ambrosia adalah tanaman kopi yang merupakan komoditas ekspor Indonesia. Budidaya tanaman kopi di Indonesia banyak dilakukan dengan sistem agroforestri multistrata seperti di Kota Batu, yaitu tanaman kopi ditanam di bawah beberapa jenis tanaman naungan. Jenis tanaman yang beranekaragam dapat berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman serangga. Selain itu, kelimpahan serangga dapat dipengaruhi oleh umur tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman jenis kumbang ambrosia pada tanaman kopi yang berbeda umur serta dibudidayakan dengan sistem agroforestri multistrata di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2018 di kebun kopi multistrata Perum Perhutani di Gunung Banyak, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur dan Laboratorium Hama, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 2 plot pengamatan dengan plot KM1 terdapat tanaman kopi berumur 16 tahun, sedangkan plot KM2 terdapat tanaman kopi berumur 12 tahun. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil wawancara dengan petani, data iklim dari BMKG, data analisis vegetasi, dan spesimen kumbang (dikumpulkan menggunakan perangkap botol). Spesimen diawetkan dengan alkohol 95% dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, kemerataan Pielou, dan dominansi Simpson’s menggunakan program statistik R Vegan Package versi 3.5.0. Selain itu juga dilakukan uji t dengan tingkat kesalahan 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil uji t, keanekaragaman jenis kumbang ambrosia di plot KM1 sama dengan KM2. Di kedua plot tersebut ditemukan 9 spesies yang terdiri dari: Premnobius sp., Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), Xylosandrus morigerus (Blandford), Xylosandrus discolor (Blandford), Xylosandrus sp.1, Xylosandrus sp.2, Xylosandrus sp.3, dan Cryptoxyleborus sp., dan Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). Tingkat keanekaragaman dan kemerataan jenis kumbang ambrosia pada plot KM1 lebih tinggi dbandingkan dengan KM2, sedangkan tingkat dominansi di plot KM1 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan KM2 (terdapat dominansi H. hampei). Sementara itu, populasi kumbang ambrosia selama 8 kali pengambilan dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan pakan atau inang, terjadinya hujan, dan aktivitas panen petani.
English Abstract
The ambrosia beetle is a wood-borer pest that resides in the woody tissue of plants and lives in association with the fungus of the plant-causing symbionts. One of the host plants of ambrosia beetle is coffee that became one of Indonesia's export commodities. The cultivation of coffee plants in Indonesia is done with multistrata agroforestry system such as in Batu City, which is a planted coffee planted under some shade plant species. The diversity of plant species can affect the diversity of insect. In addition, the abundance of insects can also be identified by the age of the plant. This study aims to study the diversity of ambrosia beetle species in different age of coffee plants and cultivated with multistrata agroforestry system in Batu City, East Java. The research was conducted from May to July 2018 at Perum Perhutani's multi-level coffee plantation in Gunung Banyak, Batu City, East Java and Pest Laboratory, Department of Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The location of the research consisted of 2 plots of observation with KM1 plot contained 16 year old coffee plant, while KM2 plot contained 12 year old coffee plants. The data collected were included interviews with farmers, climate data from BMKG, vegetation analysis data, and beetle specimens (collected using bottle traps). The specimens were preserved with 95% alcohol and were identified by morphological characters. Data analysis was performed by calculating Shannon-Wiener's diversity index, Pielou's evenness, and Simpson's dominance using the Vegetable Package R version 3.5.0 program. In addition t test is also done with error rate of 0.05. Based on t test results, the diversity of ambrosia beetle species in KM1 plot was the same as KM2. In both plots 9 species were found: Premnobius sp., Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), morigerus (Blandford), discolor (Blandford), sp.1, sp.2, sp.3, and Cryptoxyleborus sp., and Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). The leveled of diversity and evenness of ambrosia beetle species in KM1 plot was higher than KM2 plot, while the dominance leveled in KM1 plot was lower than than KM2 plot (dominance of H. hampei). Meanwhile, the ambrosia beetle population during 8 sampling times in the TP plot was lower than MM because farmer activity in TP plot was higher than MM. The number of ambrosia beetle populations can also be influenced by the availability of feed or host, the occurrence of rain, and farmers harvesting activities.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/612/051809843 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kumbang Ambrosia, Kopi Multistrata |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.7 Insect pests > 632.76 Beetles, Coleoptera |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Oct 2018 07:55 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 10:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/12844 |
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