Mulyasari, Herni (2018) Eksplorasi Jamur Endofit Dan Khamir Pada Tanaman Padi Serta Uji Potensi Antagonismenya Terhadap Jamur Pyricularia Sp. Penyebab Penyakit Blas. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Padi (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) merupakan tanaman penting dan termasuk komoditas pangan utama di Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit yang dapat menurunkan produktivitas padi dan menimbulkan kerugian besar yaitu penyakit Blas yang disebabkan oleh jamur Pyricularia sp. Pengendalian secara biologis dilakukan untuk menekan jamur Pyricularia sp. dengan menggunakan agen hayati seperti jamur endofit dan khamir yang memiliki potensi antagonis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji jamur endofit dan khamir yang terdapat pada jaringan batang dan daun tanaman padi serta potensinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Pyricularia sp. penyebab penyakit Blas pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2018. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah tanaman padi bergejala Blas yang diperoleh dari lahan sawah di Desa Joho, Kecamatan Sale, Kabupaten Rembang serta daun dan batang tanaman padi sehat yang diperoleh dari lahan sawah di Desa Karangsuko, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kabupaten Malang dan di Desa Ngijo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. Kegiatan penelitian ini terdiri dari isolasi jamur patogen Pyricularia sp. dari tanaman padi yang bergejala Blas, isolasi jamur endofit dan khamir dari batang dan daun tanaman padi sehat, serta pengujian potensi antagonisme jamur endofit dan khamir dalam menekan pertumbuhan jamur Pyricularia sp. Isolat jamur endofit dan khamir yang ditemukan diidentifikasi hingga tingkat genus. Dari hasil isolasi jamur endofit diperoleh 10 isolat yaitu Aspergillus niger, Nigrospora sp.1, Nigrospora sp.2, Nigrospora sp.3, Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., Asteromyces sp., dan 3 jamur yang tidak teridentifikasi yaitu jamur EP5, EP6 dan EP7. Berdasarkan hasil isolasi khamir diperoleh 3 isolat yaitu Candida sp., Pichia sp., dan Metschnikowia sp. Isolat jamur endofit dan khamir selanjutnya diuji antagonis terhadap jamur Pyricularia sp. secara in vitro. Pengujian antagonis jamur endofit dengan cara menumbuhkan isolat jamur Pyricularia sp. dengan isolat jamur endofit secara berhadapan pada media PDA dengan jarak 3 cm pada cawan Petri sedangkan kontrol menggunakan jamur Pyricularia sp. tanpa diinokulasi jamur endofit. Pengujian antagonis khamir dengan cara menggoreskan khamir pada media PDA tepat ditengah cawan Petri dengan posisi tegak lurus sebanyak 1 lup jarum Ose, kemudian miselium jamur Pyricularia sp. diambil dengan cork borer dan diletakkan pada sisi kanan dan kiri goresan khamir dengan jarak 3 cm, sedangkan kontrol menggunakan miselium Pyricularia sp. tanpa perlakuan khamir. Isolat yang diujikan kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu ruang dan diamati selama 7 hari dengan mengukur daya hambat antara jamur endofit dan khamir terhadap jamur Pyricularia sp. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 12 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali pada uji antagonis jamur endofit, sedangkan pada uji antagonis khamir dengan 4 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian jamur endofit yang berpotensi untuk menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen Pyricularia sp. yaitu Aspergillus niger 57,3% dan Nigrospora sp.3 55,5%. Pada uji antagonis khamir, yang paling berpotensi untuk mengendalikan jamur patogen Pyricularia sp. adalah Candida sp. yaitu 22%.
English Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) is an important plant it includes in the main food commodity in Indonesia. One of the disease which can decrease the productivity of rice and inflicting large loss is a Blas disease caused by fungi, Pyricularia sp. The biological control was carried out to suppress Pyricularia sp. as the cause of Blas disease. Fungus and yeasts are used as bioloical contro agents which has antagonistic potential. The aim of this research was to study endophytic fungus and yeasts that found i the steam and leaf tissue of rice plants and inhibition ability of the growth of Pyricularia sp. as the cause of Blas disease in rice plant. This research was conducted in the Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, from January until July 2018. Research materials were used include Blas symptomatic rice plants obtained from the rice field in Joho Village, Sale District, Rembang Regency, healthy rice plants obtained from rice field in Karangsuko Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang Regency and Ngijo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. This research consisted of isolation of pathogenic fungi Pyricularia sp. from Blas symptomatic rice plants, isolation of endophytic fungi and yeast from the stems and leaves of healthy rice plants, and antagonistic test of endophytic fungi and yeast in suppressing the growth of the fungi Pyricularia sp. Endophytic fungi and yeast isolates were identified to genus level. Isolation of endophytic fungus obtained 10 isolates i.e Aspergillus niger, Nigrospora sp. 1, Nigrospora sp.2, Nigrospora sp.3, Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., Asteromyces sp., and 3 unidentified fungus i.e EP5, EP6 and EP7. Yeast isolation obtaied 3 isolates i.e Candida sp., Pichia sp., and Metschnikowia sp. Endophytic fungus and yeasts isolates were tested against Pyricularia sp. in vitro. The test conducted by growing the isolates of Pyricularia sp. and endophytic fungus face to face on PDA medium with a distance of 3 cms in Petri dish, control treatment was using Pyricularia sp. without being inoculated with endophytic fungi. Yeast antagonistic test conducted by scraping yeast isolate on PDA medium right in the middle of Petri dish with upright position of 1 loop Ose needle then mycelium of Pyricularia sp. was taken with cork borer and placed on the right and left side of the yeast scratched with a distance of 3 cms, control treatment was the same without yeast isolate. The treatment was then incubated at room temperature and observed for 7 days by measuring the inhibition ability between endophytic fungi and yeast against pathogenic fungi Pyricularia sp. Completely randomized design was used with 12 treatments and repeated 3 times in the endophytic fungi antagonistic test, while in the yeast antagonistic test were done with 4 treatments and repeated 3 times. Based on the results, endophytic fungus which have the potential abiliy to suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi Pyricularia sp. are A. niger 57.3% and Nigrospora sp.3 55.5%. The most potential yeast for controlling pathogenic fungi Pyricularia sp. is Candida sp. 22%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/726/051810373 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Padi, Produktivitas, jamur Pyricularia sp |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.4 Fungus diseases |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Oct 2018 07:01 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 09:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/12788 |
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