Iqbal, Muhammad (2017) Karakterisasi Minyak Hasil Samping Pengalengan dan Penepungan Ikan Tuna (Thunnus Sp) dan Lemuru (Sardinella Sp). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan negara maritim dengan potensi perikanan yang melimpah. Komoditas perikanan yang diunggulkan oleh Indonesia adalah tuna dan lemuru. Proses pengolahan seperti pengalengan dan penepungan ikan tersebut banyak di lakukan di daerah pesisir Indonesia. Pada Tahun 2009 di daerah Muncar, tercatat 3.387 ton kebutuhan ikan untuk pengalengan ikan, dan 4.770 ton kebutuhan ikan untuk penepungan ikan. Jumlah yang melimpah tersebut juga menghasilkan hasil samping pengolahan, salah satunya adalah minyak hasil samping pengolahan ikan. Minyak ikan hasil samping pengalengan ikan diperoleh dari proses pre-cooking. Pada proses pre-cooking didapatka campuran air, darah, minyak, dan padatan halus tersuspensi. Sedangkan pada proses penepungan tuna, minyak ikan diperoleh dari proses pengepresan. Pada proses pengepresan ini didapatkan fraksi padat dan cair yang salah satu isinya minyak ikan. Rendemen minyak ika pengalengan lemuru didapatkan sebesar 6% sedangkan penepungannya 10%. Selama ini minyak hasil samping pengolahan ikan tuna dan lemuru hanya digunakan sebagai campuran komposisi pakan ternak. Padahal ikan tuna dan lemuru memiliki nutrisi yang tinggi. Sehingga ekstraksi minyak ikan juga memiliki nutrisi yang dapat memberikan efek positif bagi kesehatan. Beberapa kandungan minyak ikan berkualitas baik adalah asam lemak omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) dan docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), vitamin A, D, dan E serta beberapa mineral. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan karakterisasi enam sampel penelitian dari industri penepungan dan pengalengan ikan tuna dan lemuru di daerah Bali dan Banyuwangi. Indutri yang dijadikan penelitian adalah Industri Penepungan Lemuru 1 dan Industri Penepungan Lemuru 2 mewakili penepungan lemuru. Industri Pengalengan Lemuru 1 dan Industri Pengalengan Lemuru 2 mewakili pengalengan lemuru. Industri Pengalengan Tuna 1 mewakili pengalengan tuna, dan Industri Tradisional yang mewakili penepungan tuna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya sampel dari Industri Penepungan Lemuru 1 dan Industri Pengalengan Lemuru 1 (pengalengan lemuru) yang telah sesuai dengan standar untuk makanan IFOMA. Namun semua sampel memiliki kandungan EPA (omega-3). Industri Penepungan Lemuru 1 memiliki kandungan EPA sebesar 20,21%. Industri Penepungan Lemuru 2 memiliki kandungan EPA sebesar 21,16%. Industri Pengalengan Lemuru 1 EPA sebesar 15,86%. Industri Pengalengan Lemuru 2 EPA sebesar 4,85%. Industri Tradisional penepungan tuna EPA sebesar 15,72%. Industri Pengalengan Tuna EPA sebesar 8,18%. Dengan kandunga EPA ini sampel minyak ikan hasil samping pengolahan ikan masih memiliki potensi untuk dapat diolah lebih lanjut.
English Abstract
Indonesia is a maritime country with abundant fishery potential. Superrior fishery commodities in Indonesia are tuna and lemuru. Processing such as canning and meal of the fish are mostly done in coastal areas of Indonesia. In 2009 in the Muncar area, there were 3,387 tons of fish for canning fish, and 4,770 tons of fish for meal. The abundant amount also produces byproducts of processing, one of that is fish oil. Fish oil from fish canning is obtained from pre-cooking process. In the process of pre-cooking found a mixture of water, blood, oil, and fine solids suspended. While in the process of tuna meal, fish oil obtained from the pressing process. In this pressing process obtained solid and liquid fraction which one of its contents of fish oil. The yield of oil of lemuru canning was obtained at 6% while the meal was 10%. Fish oil of the tuna and lemuru canning and meal process is only used as a mixture of animal feed composition. Tuna and lemuru fish have high nutrients indeed. So the extraction of fish oil also has nutrients that can have a positive effect on health. Good-quality fish oil ingredients are omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), vitamin A, D, and E as well as some minerals. This research is conducted by characterization of six research samples from canning and meal industry of tuna and lemuru fish in Bali and Banyuwangi area. The industries used as research are Lemuru Meal 1 industry and Lemuru Meal 2 Industry representing lemuru meal process. Lemuru Canning 1 Industry and Lemuru Canning 2 Industry represent lemuru canning process. Tuna Canning 1 Industry represents tuna canning, and Traditional Industry representing tuna meal process. The results showed that only samples from Lemuru Meal 1 Industry and Lemuru Canning 1 Industry were in IFOMA standards. However, all samples have an EPA (omega-3) content. Lemuru Meal 1 Industry has an EPA content of 20.21%. Lemuru Meal 2 Industry has an EPA of 21.16%. Lemuru Canning 1 Industry has an EPA 15.86%. EPA in Lemuru Canning 2 Industry 4.85%. Traditional Industry (tuna meal) has an EPA 15.72%. Tuna Canning 1 Industry has an EPA 8.18%. With this EPA ingredients samples of fish oil byproducts fish processing still has the potential to be further processed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2017/217/051704388 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Asam Lemak, Karakterisasi, Lemuru, Minyak Hasil Samping Pengolahan Ikan, Tuna, Lemuru, EPA, Omega-3 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 658 General management > 658.5 Management of production > 658.56 Product control, packaging; waste control and utilization |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Hasil Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jul 2017 09:35 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2020 03:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/127 |
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