Latif, Dhofir (2018) Pendugaan Jumlah Gen Pengendali Warna Ungu Pada Kacang Panjang (Vigna Sesquipedalis L. Fruwirth) Berpolong Ungu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kacang panjang di Indonesia mempunyai keragaman genetik yang luas. Umumnya, polong kacang panjang berwarna hijau, hijau muda atau hijau putih, dimana semua memiliki kelebihan masing-masing. Varietas unggul kacang panjang telah banyak dilepas oleh pemerintah, namun terdapat salah satu jenis varietas kacang panjang yang memiliki polong berwarna ungu. Varietas ini masih belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Kacang panjang berpolong ungu memiliki kelebihan dari pada jenis kacang panjang yang lain, kacang panjang berpolong ungu memiliki kandungan antosianin yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh sebagai antioksidan dan dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Selain itu tanaman kacang panjang berpolong ungu lebih tahan terhadap serangan aphid karena kulit polong, daun dan batangnya ditumbuhi bulu sepanjang permukaan (Kuswanto et al., 2012). Seiring dengan meningkatnya taraf hidup masyarakat dan meningkatnya kesadaran akan pentingnya kesehatan, kacang panjang berpolong ungu memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan. Penampilan polong berwarna ungu pada kacang panjang menunjukkan adanya kandungan zat antosianin, semakin gelap warna polong diduga semakin banyak kadar antosianin yang terkandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga jumlah gen yang mengendalikan sifat warna ungu pada kacang panjang berpolong ungu. Hipotesis yang disajikan ialah diduga sifat warna ungu pada tanaman kacang panjang berpolong ungu dikendalikan oleh dua gen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Desa Jatikerto Kecamatan Kromengan Malang, pada bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2017. Bahan yang digunakan meliputi 6 galur segregasi kacang panjang berpolong ungu, pupuk kandang, Urea, KCl, SP36. Alat yang digunakan antara lain, alat budidaya, papan penanda, kamera, Pantone Color Chart dan alat tulis. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendugaan hukum mendel, yaitu dengan pengelompokan data berdasarkan nilai perbandingan 2 kelas (ungu dan merah), 3 kelas (ungu tua, ungu dan merah), maupun 4 kelas (ungu tua, ungu, ungu kemerahan dan merah). Pengelompokan data dicocokkan dengan setiap nilai harapan dan nilai pengamatan yang diuji dengan analisis chi square. Pengamatan dilakukan secara individu pada setiap tanaman. Setiap galur ditanam dalam satu bedeng tanpa ulangan, sehingga terdapat 6 bedeng dalam satu lahan. Setiap bedeng terdiri dari 250 tanaman dan dalam satu lubang tanam terdiri dari 2 benih, sehingga populasi dalam satu lahan terdapat 1500 tanaman. Variabel pengamatan meliputi warna polong, warna batang, warna bunga, warna kelopak bunga dan warna biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter warna ungu pada polong galur BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5 dan BU6 dikendalikan oleh 2 gen dengan aksi gen epistasis resesif ganda dan saling berinteraksi dengan rasio 9 ungu : 7 merah. Karakter warna ungu pada batang galur BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5, dan BU6 dikendalikan oleh 2 gen dengan aksi gen epistasis resesif ganda dan saling berinteraksi dengan rasio 9 ungu : 7 hijau. Karakter warna ungu pada bunga galur BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5, dan BU6 dikendalikan oleh 2 gen dengan aksi gen epistasis resesif ganda dan saling berinteraksi dengan rasio 9 ungu : 7 ungu muda. Karakter warna ungu pada kelopak bunga galur BU1, BU3, dan BU4 dikendalikan oleh 2 gen dengan aksi gen dominan rangkap dengan rasio 15 ungu : 1 hijau. Pada galur BU5 dan BU6 karakter warna ungu kelopak bunga dikendalikan oleh 1 gen dengan aksi gen dominan tunggal dengan rasio 3 ungu : 1 hijau, sedangkan untuk galur BU2 warna ungu pada kelopak bunga dikendalikan oleh 2 gen dengan aksi gen epistasis dominan resesif dengan rasio 13 ungu : 3 hijau. Karakter warna biji semua tanaman pada setiap galur memiliki warna coklat sehingga tidak dilakukan analisis chi square. Sifat warna ungu pada polong akan lebih efektif dilakukan dengan intensitas seleksi yang besar, agar proporsi populasi 9/16 warna ungu dapat terpilih seluruhnya dari proporsi 7/16 warna merah pada karakter warna polong
English Abstract
Yardlong bean in Indonesia have great genetic diversity. Generally, yardlong bean pods are green, light green or white green, all of which have their respective advantages. Some varieties of yardlong bean have been released by the government, but there is one type of yardlong bean varieties that have purple pods. This variety is not yet known to the public. Purple yardlong bean have an advantage over other yardlong bean types, purple yardlong bean have antocyanin content that is beneficial to the body as an antioxidant and can boost the immune system. In addition, purple yardlong bean is more resistant to aphid attacks because the skin of pods, leaves and stems are covered in fur along its surface (Kuswanto et al., 2012). Rising standards of living and increasing awareness of the importance of health, purple yardlong bean have antioxidant potential. Appearance purple pods on yardlong bean showed anthocyanin substances, the darker the color the more pods allegedly contained anthocyanins levels. This study aim to estimate the number of genes that control the purple color on purple yardlong bean. The hypothesis presented is suspected that the color of purple in purple yardlong bean is controlled by two genes. This research was conducted in the district of Jatikerto, Kromengan, Malang, in May until August 2017. The tools used the tools of cultivation, marker boards, camera, RHS Color Chart and stationery. The material used 6 segregation lines of purple yardlong namely BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5, and BU6, manure, Urea, KCl, and SP36. This research method would use the estimation law Mendel, by grouping data based on the comparison of two classes (purlpe and not purple), three classes (purple, slightly purple and not purple), and 4 class (purple, slightly purple, less purple and not purple). Grouping the data matched with any expected value and the value of observation in the test with chi square analysis. Materials used 6 segregation lines of purple yardlong bean, manure, Urea, KCl, SP36. The tools used: cultivation tools, nameplate, camera, Pantone Color Chart and stationery. This research method used is the estimation Mendel law, by grouping data based on the comparison of two classes (purlpe and red), three classes (dark purple, purple and red), and 4 class (dark purple, purple, reddish purple and red). The Chi square test was used to ascertain the goodness of fit to the expected phenotypic ratios. Observations were made individually on each plant. Each lines are planted in a single bed without replication, so there are 6 beds in the field. Each bed consists of 250 plants and in one planting hole consisting of 2 seeds, so the population in one area consist of 1500 plants. Observation variables include pod color, stem color, flower color, petals color and seed color. The results showed that the purple color characters in the BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5 and BU6 lines were controlled by 2 genes with the action of duplicate recessive epistatic genes and interacted with a ratio of 9 purple: 7 red. The purple color on the stem BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5, and BU6 lines were controlled by 2 genes with the action of duplicate recessive epistatic genes and interact with the ratio 9 purple: 7 green. Flower color characters of BU1, BU2, BU3, BU4, BU5, and BU6 lines were controlled by 2 genes with the action of duplicate recessive epistatic genes and interact with the ratio of 9 purple: 7 violet. On the color of the petals BU1, BU3, and BU4 lines were controlled by 2 genes with the action of duplicate dominant genes with a ratio of 15 purple: 1 green. In the BU5 and BU6 lines the petals were controlled by 1 gene with the action of a single dominant gene with a ratio of 3 purple: 1 green, whereas for flower BU2 flower petals were controlled by 2 genes with the dominant recessive epistasis gene action with a ratio purple 13: 3 green . The seed color character of all plants in each lines have a brown color so not tested by chi square analysis. The purple color of the pod would be more effectively performed with a large selection intensity, so that the proportion of the purple 9/16 population could be selected entirely from the proportion of 7/16 red in the pod color.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/230/051803550 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kancang Panjang, Ungu, Gen |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 583 Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) > 583.7 Rosidae > 583.74 Fabales (Leguminales) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Oct 2018 02:21 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 09:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/12308 |
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