Afaf, Sausanil (2018) Pengaturan Jarak Tanam Pada Tanaman Pola Baris Tunggal Dan Baris Ganda Terhadap Produksi Jagung Hibrida (Zea Mays L.) P35. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Di Indonesia,jagung termasuk bahan baku untuk industri pangan maupun industri pakan ternak ayam. Produktivitas sumber daya lahan di Indonesia memang perlu di tingkatkan lagi. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas lahan dapat dilakukan melalui pengaturan tata letak tanam dan jarak tanam yang tepat. Pengaturan tata letak dan jarak tanam ini berguna untuk memberikan hasil tanam yang optimal dengan memanfaatkan luas lahan yang terbatas. Terdapat dua tata letak tanaman yang sudah dikenal masyarakat yaitu tata letak satu baris (single row) dan dua baris (double row). Pengaturan jarak tanam yang sempit dengan harapan populasi yang banyak dapat memberikan hasil panen yang besar, namun pada kenyataannya bahwa populasi yang terlalu banyak pada satu lahan akan memberikan hasil panen yang sedikit. Maka terjadi penurunan produksi biji yang disebabkan persaingan unsur hara karena jarak tanam yang digunakan terlalu sempit. Begitu juga dengan penggunaan jarak tanam yang terlalu lebar. Penggunaan jarak tanam yang terlalu lebar dapat mengurangi jumlah populasi. Kurangnya jumlah populasi dalam suatu lahan dapat mengurangi hasil produksi karena kurangnya tanaman yang menghasilkan tongkol. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh Karimuna (2009), Pengaturan jarak tanam akan berpengaruh pada tingkat produksi biji per hektar, dengan bertambahnya jumlah tanaman sampai saat tertentu dimana sejumlah tanaman akan mengurangi jumlah biji per tanaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2015 sampai dengan Februari tahun 2016 di Desa Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini: cangkul, tali raffia, ember, tugal, luxmeter, penggaris, bolpoint, buku tulis, plastik, LAM (Leaf Area Meter), timbangan analitik, oven, kamera digital Samsung, rol meter, amplop, dan plakat. Bahan yang digunakan berupa benih jagung varietas baru dari Pioneer yaitu P35, pupuk Urea 300 kg/ha, pupuk SP36 200 kg/ha, pupuk KCL 75 kg/ha. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama menggunakan tata letak R1 = Satu baris danR2 = Dua baris, factor kedua menggunakan jarak tanam J1 = Jarak 70 x 15 cm, J2 = Jarak 70 x 20 cm, J3 = Jarak 70 x 25 cm, J4 = Jarak 70 x 30 cm, J5 = Jarak 70 x 35 cm, dengan jarak antar tanaman 80 cm, sehingga didapatkan 10 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali yaitu U1R1J1, U1R1J2, U1R1J3, U1R1J4, U1R1J5, U1R2J1, U1R2J2, U1R2J3, U1R2J4, U1R2J5, U2R1J1, U2R1J2, U2R1J3, U2R1J4, U2R1J5, U2R2J1, U2R2J2, U2R2J3, U2R2J4, U2R2J5,U3R1J1, U3R1J2, U3R1J3, U3R1J4, U3R1J5, U3R2J1, U3R2J2, U3R2J3, U3R2J4, U3R2J5. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif dengan mengambil 2 tanaman contoh untuk setiap kombinasi perlakuan. Pengamatan pertumbuhan hingga panen dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali pada 14 HST, 28 HST, 42 HST, 56 HST, 70 HST dan 84 HST meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar daun, bobot segar batang, bobot segar akar, bobot segar tongkol, bobot kering daun, bobot kering batang, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tongkol dan intensitas cahaya matahari. Sedangkan parameter hasil atau panen mengambil 4-8 tanaman contoh dan dilakukan pada 98 HST meliputi berat tongkol jagung tanpak lobot, berat biji pipilan, bobot 100 biji. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan kemudian di analisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf 5%. Apabila dari hasil pengamatan terdapat pengaruh nyata maka akan di uji lanjut menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi yang nyata antar perlakuan tata letak tanam dengan jarak tanam terhadap parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil. Penggunaan tata letak tanam perlakuan satu baris maupun dua baris pada komponen pertumbuhan yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar daun, bobot segar batang, bobot segar akar, bobot kering daun, bobot kering batang, dan bobot kering akar menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jagung tumbuh dengan baik pada perlakuan jarak tanam 70 x 35 cm pada penggunaan tata letak tanam satu baris dan dua baris. Kemudian pada penggunaan tata letak tanam perlakuan satu baris maupun dua baris pada komponen hasil memberikan hasil tertinggi sebesar 6.95 ton/ha-1. Hasil produksi tanaman jagung yang ditanam pada perlakuan satu baris menunjukkan bahwa hasil optimal diperoleh pada jarak 70 x 30 cm, namun hasil produksi tanaman jagung yang ditanam pada perlakuan dua baris menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang optimal diperoleh pada jarak 70 x 15 cm.
English Abstract
In Indonesia, corn is considered a raw material for the food industry as well as the industry of chicken feed. The productivity of land resources in Indonesia clearly needs to be increased. Efforts to increase land productivity can be done through the precise organization of planting arrangement and planting distance. The organization of planting arrangement and distance is intended to result in optimal crop yields by utilizing the limited land space. There are two kinds of planting arrangements used by people, which are the single row and double row arrangements. The arrangement of narrow planting distances with the expectation of a large population can produce great yields, but in reality an excess of population on a single piece of land will lead to reduced yields. The result is that there is a decrease of kernel production due to competition for nutrients because the planting distance was too narrow. The same is true of a planting distance that is too wide. A planting distance that is too wide results in a reduced population. A reduced population in a land may reduce yields because the number of plants that produce cobs decreases. As stated by Karimuna (2009), the organization of planting distance will affect the yields of kernel production per hectare, where the number of plants may be increased up to a certain point where the number of plants will reduce the number of kernels per plant. This research was conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 in Mulyoagung Village, Dau Sub-District, Malang Regency. The tools used in this research include hoe, raffia, bucket, dibble stick, light meter, ruler, pen, notebook, plastic, LAM (Leaf Area Meter), analytic scale, oven, Samsung digital camera, measuring tape, envelope, and placard. The materials used are a new variety of corn seedlings from Pioneer (P35), Urea fertilizer 300 kg/ha, SP36 fertilizer 200 kg/ha, and KCL fertilizer 75 kg/ha. This research uses a Factorial Randomized Block Design composed of two factors. The first factor is plant arrangement where R1 = single row and R2 = double row; the second factor is planting distance where J1 = 70 x 15 cm, J2 = 70 x 20 cm, J3 = 70 x 25 cm, J4 = 70 x 30 cm, and J5 = 70 x 35 cm, with spacing between plants of 80 cm, resulting in 10 combinations of treatments which are repeated 3 times as U1R1J1, U1R1J2, U1R1J3, U1R1J4, U1R1J5, U1R2J1, U1R2J2, U1R2J3, U1R2J4, U1R2J5, U2R1J1, U2R1J2, U2R1J3, U2R1J4, U2R1J5, U2R2J1, U2R2J2, U2R2J3, U2R2J4, U2R2J5, U3R1J1, U3R1J2, U3R1J3, U3R1J4, U3R1J5, U3R2J1, U3R2J2, U3R2J3, U3R2J4, and U3R2J5. Observations were taken destructively by taking 2 sample plants for each treatment combination. Growth observations until harvest were conducted every 2 weeks at 14 DAP (days after planting), 28 DAP, 42 DAP, 56 DAP, 70 DAP, and 84 DAP, covering plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of stems, fresh weight of roots, fresh weight of cobs, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stems, dry weight of roots, dry weight of cobs, and sunlight intensity. Meanwhile the parameter of yield or harvest is composed of 4-8 sample plants taken at 98 DAP covering weight of corn cobs without husks, weight of individual kernels, and weight of 100 kernels. Data taken from observation were analyzed using ANOVA at a rate of 5%. If there were significant data, further testing was conducted using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5%. Research results show that there was a significant interaction between the treatment of planting arrangement and distance on the parameters of growth and yield. The treatments of single row and double row arrangements on the components of growth that cover plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of stems, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stems, and dry weight of roots show that the corn plants grew well at a planting distance of 70 x 35 cm for the single row and double row planting arrangements. The use of the single row and double row planting arrangements also affected the yield component, where the highest value was 6.95 ton/ha-1. Production yields of corn plants planted with the single row arrangement shows that optimal results were obtained for a distance of 70 x 30 cm, but production yields of corn plants planted with the double row arrangement shows that optimal results were obtained for a distance of 70 x 15 cm.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/236/051803556 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Jarak Taman,Baris Tunggal, Baris Gands, Jagung Hibrida |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting > 631.58 Special methods of cultivation |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Oct 2018 04:23 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 09:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/12274 |
Preview |
Text
SAUSANIL AFAF.pdf Download (4MB) | Preview |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |