Widyatama, Putri Devita (2018) Identifikasi Karakter Komponen Hasil Untuk Penanda Hasil Tinggi Sebagai Dasar Seleksi Genotip Potensial Pada Tanaman Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus Communis L.) Generasi Ke-4 (Ct4) Aplikasi Kolkisin. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) merupakan tanaman dari famili Euphorbiaceae yang menyebar di berbagai daerah tropikal dan semi tropikal. Jarak kepyar merupakan tanaman yang ideal untuk menghasilkan minyak dalam jumlah yang besar karena memiliki kandungan minyak sebesar 40%- 60% minyak. Potensi hasil jarak kepyar dapat menghasilkan 500-1000 liter/ hektar. Minyak yang dikandung dari biji jarak kepyar dapat menghasilkan bio-diesel dengan kualitas premium, keperluan dibidang farmasi, bahan dalam kosmetik, tekstil, sabun, cat, tinta, dan plastik. Sehubungan dengan pemanfaatan potensi produksi yang tinggi, pengelolaan minyak jarak kepyar memiliki kendala yaitu kurang tersedianya varietas unggul yang dapat dikembangkan. Ketersediaan varietas yang unggul akan menghasilkan tanaman dengan hasil tinggi dan umur yang genjah (pendek).Program pemuliaan tanaman tentunya mampu memperbaiki produktivitas tanaman jarak kepyar. Penggandaan kromosom menggunakan kolkisin merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki produktivitas tanaman jarak kepyar. Kolkisin ialah reagen yang mampu menyebabkan terjadinya poliploidi di mana organisme memiliki lebih dari dua set kromosom dalam sel-selnya. Penggunaan kolkisin diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat tanaman jarak kepyar baik secara kuantitatif maupun secara kualitatif. Setelah penambahan kolkisin dilakukan seleksi, baik seleksi secara langsung terhadap daya hasil atau tidak langsung melalui beberapa karakter lain yang terkait dengan daya hasil. Hasil seleksi tersebut dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut, baik sebagai sumber pembentukan varietas baru maupun untuk menghasilkan individu tanaman dengan mempertahankan genotipe yang sama. Karakter kuantitatif sangat menentukan keberhasilan seleksi. Keeratan hubungan antar karakter dengan hasil dapat di analasis menggunakan analisis korelasi yang menjelaskan seberapa erat hubungan antar kedua karakter. Selain itu, perlu juga diketahui parameter genetik lain seperti heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik yang akan dicapai. Kemajuan genetik merupakan parameter genetik yang berguna dalam menentukan tingkat keberhasilan seleksi. Adapun tujuan dari penitian ini adalah mempelajari hubungan karakter komponen hasil dan hasil pada jarak kepyar generasi ke-4 (CT4) perlakukan kolkisin serta menentukan karakter komponen hasil yang mempunyai nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi pada tanaman jarak kepyar generasi ke-4 (CT4) perlakuan kolkisin. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat korelasi karakter komponen hasil dan hasil pada jarak kepyar generasi ke-4 (CT4) perlakukan kolhisin serta terdapat karakter komponen hasil yang mempunyai nilai kemajuan gentik tinggi pada tanaman jarak kepyar generasi ke-4 (CT4) perlakuan kolkisin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan pertanian Jalan Sasando, Kepuharjo, Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 ii bulan, yakni pada tanggal 18 April-18 September 2017. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu 25 genotip potensial jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) (CT4 (01), CT4 (02), CT4 (03), CT4 (4), CT4 (05), CT4 (06), CT4 (07), CT4 (08), CT4 (09), CT4 (10), CT4 (11), CT4 (12), CT4 (13), CT4 (14), CT4 (15), CT4 (16), CT4 (17), CT4 (18), CT4 (19), CT4 (20), CT4 (21), CT4 (22), CT4 (23), CT4 (24), CT4 (25)), pupuk kompos, dan pupuk NPK. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah alat budidaya (cangkul, gembor), alat ukur (meteran, jangka sorong, timbangan) kamera, papan penanda, alat tulis, panduan Descriptor Draft National Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Castor (Ricinus communis L.) (2006), dan descriptor dari UPOV. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan dua kali pengulangan. Jarak tanaman antar tanaman yaitu 90 cmx 50 cm. Pada setiap blok terdiri dari 25 genotip dan tiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 8 tanaman. Karakter yang diamati berupa karakter kuantitatif (komponen hasil dan hasil) yaitu pada karakter tinggi tanaman, lebar tanaman, panjang batangutama, jumlah ruas, panjang ruas, diameter batang, panjang tangkai buah, diameter tangkai daun, panjangleaf blade, lebar leaf blade, panjang bunga, umur panen, jumlah tandan per tanaman, bobot kering biji tandan utama, jumlah buah tandan utama, bobot buah per tanaman, berat tandan sekunder dan tersier, panjang kapsul, panjang tangkai daun, diameter kapsul, dilakukan dengan mengukur kapsul yang sudah kering dan diamati sampel kapsul, pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan jangka sorong, panjang duri, jumlah biji per buah, jumlah biji tandan utama, berat 100 biji tandan utam, bobot biji tandan utama, bobot biji tandan sekunder dan tersier, bobot biji pertanaman, lebar biji, panjang biji, ketebalan biji. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian dan covarian untuk mengetahui nilai korelasi genotipe dan fenotipe. Kemudian nilai korelasi genotipe dan fenotipediujimenggunakan uji t untuk mengetahui signifikan atau tidak. Kemudian mencari nilai heritabilitas dan nilai kemajuan genetik. Analisis korelasi genotip dan fenotip, karakter yang berkorelasi signifikan terdapat pada jumlah buah pertanaman (0.51), bobot buah per tanaman (0.42), dan jumlah biji tandan utama (0.47). Korelasi karakter diameter batang(0.31) menunjukkan hasil yang berkorelasi terhadap bobot biji pertanaman. Berdasarkan nilai heritabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada karakter bobot biji tandan sekunder dan tersier dengan nilai duga 0,90. Nilai heritabilitas terendah yaitu karakter panjang leaf blade dengan nilai duga 0,06. Diperoleh nilai kemajuan genetik melalui karakter-karakter lain yaitu berkisar 0,06-49,83 %. Kesimpulannya yaitu 1. Karakter yang berkorelasi dengan bobot biji pertanaman yaitu karakter diameter batang (r = 0.3), bobot tandan utama (r = 0.79), jumlah buah pertanaman (r = 0.5), bobot buah per tanaman (r = 0.4), dan jumlah biji pertanaman (r = 0.4). 2. Karakter komponen hasil yang mempunyai nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi yaitu tinggi tanaman, lebar tanaman, panjang batang utama, panjang ruas, diameter tangkai daun, panjang bunga, bobot tandan utama, jumlah buah pertanaman, bobot buah pertanaman, berat tandan sekunder dan tersier, jumlah biji pertanaman, berat 100 biji, bobot biji tandan utama, bobot biji tandan sekunder dan tersier, bobot biji pertanama.
English Abstract
Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant of Euphorbiaceae family that spread in various tropical and semi tropical regions. Castor is an ideal plant to produce oil in large quantities because it has content 40% - 60% of oil. Potential yields of kepyar can produce 500-1000 liters of oil / hectare. Oil contained from castor seeds can produce bio-diesel with premium quality, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, soap, paint, ink and plastic. In relation to the utilization of high production potential, processing of oil has constraints namely the lack of available superior varieties that can be developed. The availability of superior varieties will yield crops with high yields and short-lived (short) ages. Plant breeding program is certainly able to improve the productivity of plants castor. Doubling of chromosome using colchicine is one way to improve the productivity of castor. Colchicine is a reagent capable of causing polyploidy in which organisms have more than two sets of chromosomes in their cells. The use of colkichin is expected to improve the quality of crops between both quantitatively and qualitatively. After the addition of kolkisin done selection, either direct selection of the results or indirect power through several other characters associated with the power of results. The results of selection can be further developed, both as a source of formation of new varieties as well as to produce individual plants by maintaining the same genotype. Quantitative characters determine the success of selection. The closeness of the relationship between characters and the results can be analyzed using correlation analysis that explains how closely the relationship between the two characters. In addition, it should also be known other genetic parameters such as heritability and genetic advance to be achieved. Genetic advance is a genetic parameter that useful in determining the success rate of selection. The objective of this research is to study the relationship of character of the results and the outcome components at the 4 generation (CT4) to colchicine and to determine the character of the resultant component that has a high genetic advance value in the 4th generation plant spacing (CT4) of colchicine treatment. The hypothesis of this study is there a correlation of character of yield and There is a characteristic component of the results that has a high genetic advance value on the 4th generation (CT4) of colchicine treatment. This research was carried out at Sasando Street farm, Kepuharjo, Karangploso, Malang Regency, East Java. The study was conducted for 5 months, on April to September 2017. Materials used were 25 potential genotypes of jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) (CT4 (01), CT4 (02), CT4 (03), CT4 (4 ), CT4 (07), CT4 (08), CT4 (09), CT4 (10), CT4 (11), CT4 (12), CT4 (13), CT4 (14) ), CT4 (15), CT4 (16), CT4 (17), CT4 (18), CT4 (19), CT4 (20), CT4 (21), CT4 (22), CT4 (23), CT4 (24 ), CT4 (25)), compost fertilizer, and NPK fertilizer. The tools used in this study are cultivation tools (gembor), gauges (meter, scooter, scales) camera, sign board, stationery, manual (Ricinus communis L.) (2006), and iv descriptor of UPOV. The study was conducted based on randomized block design (RAK) with two repetitions. The plants crop is 90 cm x 50 cm. Each block consisted of 25 genotypes and each experimental unit consisted of 8 plants. The characters observed are quantitative characters yield and yield components of length main stem, number of segments, length of segment, the length of leaf blade, the width of the blade leaf, the length of the flower, the harvest age, the number of stems, the diameter of the stem, number of main fruit bunches, fruit weight per plant, weight of secondary and tertiary bunches, capsule length, length of the petiole, capsule diameter, performed by measuring dry capsule and observed capsule samples, measurements were made using sliding, thorn length, number of seeds per fruit, number of main bunches, weight of 100 main bunches seeds, the weight of the main bunch of seeds, the weight of the secondary and tertiary bunches, the seed weight of the crop, the seed width, the seed length seed thickness. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis to know the correlation value of phenotypic and genotypic. Then the genotypic and phenotypic correlation values were tested using t-test to determine the significant value. Then look for the value of heritability and the value of genetic advanve. Genotype correlation and phenotype correlation analysis, correlated characters were very evident in the number of fruit crops (0.51), fruit weight per plant (0.42), and number of main bunches (0.47). The correlation character of stem diameter (0.31) showed a significant result on crop seed weight. Based on the highest heritability value found on the character of the weight of secondary and tertiary bunches of seeds with an estimated value of 0.90. The lowest heritability value is the long character of leaf blade with the estimated value of 0.06. Obtained value of genetic progress through other characters that is ranged from 0,06-49,83%. 1) Character that correlated significantly different with the weight of the seeds of crops include the bark diameter character, the weight of the main bunches, the number of fruit crops, the weight of the fruit per plant, and the number of seeds cultivated. 2) Based on consideration through heritability value, genetic progress, and correlation of characters that can be used as markers of high-yield distance plant, the main bunch weight, the number of fruit crops, the fruit weight of the crop, and the number of main bunch seeds.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/45/051802131 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jun 2018 02:22 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 01:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11482 |
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