Ediwasito, Rulyawan (2018) Stabilitas Pigmen Kasar Aspergillus niger Berdasarkan Suhu dan Lama Waktu Penyimpanan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Mayoritas produk pangan, kosmetik, dan tekstil menggunakan pewarna sintetis dalam proses produksi. Padahal, dibalik rendahnya harga yang ditawarkan, pewarna sintetis memiliki ancaman yang besar terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan pewarna alami seperti pigmen sebagai pengganti pewarna sintetis. Mikroorganisme seperti Aspergillus niger menghasilkan pigmen coklat kehitaman dalam fase metabolisme sekunder. Pigmen Aspergillus niger memiliki potensi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai zat warna industri dalam wujud cair. Penggunaan pigmen didasari pada stabilitas pigmen. Stabilitas pigmen diukur berdasarkan daya tahan senyawa dan warna terhadap lingkungan. Suhu dan panas, cahaya, pH, dan penyimpanan tergolong faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi stabilitas pigmen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan terhadap stabilitas pigmen kasar Aspergillus niger. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan tersarang dengan faktor utama suhu penyimpanan (18 ± 2oC dan 28 ± 2oC) dan faktor tersarang lama waktu simpan (0, 4, 7, 11, dan 14 hari). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Analisa pengujian pigmen dilakukan dengan karakterisasi fisik pigmen, absorbansi warna, pH, dan intensitas warna. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT (α= 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pigmen kasar Aspergillus niger diduga mengandung senyawa melanin. Suhu penyimpanan pigmen memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai absorbansi. Lama waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai absorbansi dan pH. Terjadi kerusakan pigmen dengan penurunan absorbansi dan pH seiring bertambahnya masa simpan. Kerusakan pigmen dipicu oleh oksidasi kandungan melanin. Suhu dan lama waktu simpan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas warna pigmen. Tidak terjadi perubahan warna pigmen selama penyimpanan. Penyimpanan pigmen kasar lebih baik dilakukan pada suhu 18 ± 2oC. Penyimpanan selama 4 hari pada suhu 18 ± 2oC memiliki hasil paling stabil dengan absorbansi yang dipertahankan 90%, pH 7,37, dan tidak ada perubahan warna. Penyimpanan pada suhu 28 ± 2oC juga memiliki stabilitas terbaik selama 4 hari penyimpanan dengan retensi pigmen 87%, pH 7,27, dan tidak ada perubahan warna.
English Abstract
Majority of food, cosmetic, and textile product use a synthetic dye in its production process. Despite its generous cost, synthetic dye has negative effect to environment and health. Another alternative as a colorant is using pigment as natural dye. Microorganism such as Aspergillus niger produces a brown-black pigment during its secondary metabolism. The pigment has a good potential to be applied as industrial dye in liquid material. The using of pigment is based on its stability. A stable pigment retains its compounds and color toward external condition. Temperature and light, pH, and storage are influence pigment stability as an external factors. The objective of this study was to obtain the effect of storage temperature and time on crude pigment stability of Aspergillus niger. The method used was a nested design within storage temperature as the main factor (18 ± 2oC and 18 ± 2oC) and storage time as the nested factor (0, 4, 7, 11, and 14 days). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. To investigate pigment stability, it is necessary to objectively measure physical pigment characterization, absorbance, pH, and color intensity. The data obtained were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and compared with Least Significant Different (α= 0,05). The result showed crude pigment of Aspergillus niger presume contains melanin compound. Storage temperature was significantly implicate pigment absorbance. Storage time was significantly implicate pigment absorbance and pH. Pigment degradation was indicated as the reduction of its absorbance and pH in case of longer storage time. Pigment degradation occurred by melanin compound oxidation. Temperature and storage time has no affection color intensity. The pigment color did not change during storage. The best pigment storage was at 18 ± 2oC. The stable pigment condition during storage at 18 ± 2oC with 4 days of storage time, has an addition of pigment retention 90%, pH 7,37, and unchanged color. The stable pigment condition during storage at 28 ± 2oC also with 4 days of storage time, has an addition of pigment retention 87%, pH 7,27, and unchanged color.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FTP/2018/68/051802468 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kunci: Aspergillus niger, Melanin, Pigmen, Stabilitas Penyimpanan |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 667 Cleaning, color, coating, related technologies > 667.2 Dyes and pigments |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Jun 2018 02:29 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Nov 2021 02:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11391 |
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