Nindyarini, Nindita (2018) Kelimpahan Populasi Hama Wereng Batang Coklat, Nilaparvata Lugens Stål. (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Pada Tanaman Padi Dengan Penerapan Pht Dan Konvensional Di Desa Bendo, Kecamatan Kapas, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sebagian besar petani di Pulau Jawa memanfaatkan lahan pertaniannya untuk ditanami tanaman padi. Tanaman padi merupakan tanaman pangan yang penting karena menjadi bahan makanan pokok berupa beras bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Permintaan beras setiap tahun selalu mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Wereng Batang Coklat (WBC) merupakan hama utama yang selalu muncul dan menyerang padi. WBC menyerang tanaman padi di Indonesia pada areal luas dalam waktu relatif singkat. Pengendalian hama WBC oleh petani saat ini cenderung menggunakan pestisida kimia. Hal tersebut dianggap mampu mengatasi hama WBC secara cepat dan praktis. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) menjadi kunci suatu pengendalian yang aman, baik aman bagi lingkungan maupun aman bagi kesehatan manusia. Konsep PHT merupakan konsep yang mempertimbangkan aspek ekosistem dengan praktek pertanian yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi dan serangan hama WBC pada tanaman padi dengan penerapan PHT skala luas yang akan dibandingkan dengan lahan padi konvensional di Desa Bendo, Kecamatan Kapas, Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan untuk mengetahui hubungan populasi serangga predator dengan populasi hama WBC pada lahan PHT skala luas dan konvensional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan padi PHT dan konvensional Desa Bendo, Kecamatan Kapas, Kabupaten Bojonegoro mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Metode ini dilakukan dengan cara mengamati secara langsung hama WBC lalu menghitung populasinya pada tanaman padi. Penentuan area PHT dan konvensional berdasarkan informasi dari ketua kelompok tani di Desa Bendo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada total luasan lahan 50 ha (25 ha lahan PHT dan 25 ha lahan konvensional). Didalam 50 ha tersebut terdapat masing-masing 9 plot di lahan PHT dan konvensional dengan ukuran setiap plot adalah 100 rumpun (10 rumpun x 10 rumpun). Penentuan titik plot pengamatan dipilih secara acak, mempertimbangkan jarak dari tepian (minimal dua sampai tiga baris dari baris tepi) dan jarak plot pengamatan antara 50-100 m. Hasil pengamatan individu WBC di Desa Bendo menunjukkan bahwa populasi WBC di lahan PHT sebesar 28,94 individu per 100 rumpun sedangkan di lahan konvensional sebesar 20,67 individu per 100 rumpun. Hasil antara kedua lahan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata (t= 2,073, P= 0,526). Hal ini diduga karena pengendalian hama yang dilakukan antara lahan PHT dan konvensional tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap populasi WBC. Pengendalian hama di lahan PHT menggunakan perendaman benih dengan PGPR, perbaikan kualitas tanah dengan penambahan kompos atau pupuk organik, pengembalian jerami kedalam tanah, penggunaan agens hayati dan penanaman tanaman refugia, sedangkan pada lahan PHT masih cenderung dilakukan penyemprotan pestisida kimia. Di penelitian ini juga mengamati intensitas serangan WBC. Nilai intensitas serangan WBC di lahan PHT yaitu sebesar 18,04%, sedangkan lahan konvensional yaitu sebesar 14,70%. Serangan hama WBC dikedua lahan ii tersebut menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (t= 0,273, P= 0,619). Hal ini diduga terjadi karena adanya perlakuan aplikasi pestisida secara terjadwal yang dilakukan petani konvensional untuk pengendalian hama WBC, sedangkan pada lahan PHT masih secara terpadu. Di lahan PHT akan dilakukan penyemprotan pestisida jika populasi hama sudah melewati ambang ekonomi. Jika dibuat grafik, nilai intensitas serangan hama WBC terlihat sejak pengamatan 1 MST hingga 12 MST dan mengalami fluktuasi baik di lahan PHT maupun konvensional. Selain pengamatan populasi dan serangan WBC, dalam penelitian juga dilakukan pengamatan terhadap populasi predator. Predator yang paling banyak ditemukan pada lahan pengamatan yaitu laba-laba dan paederus. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan korelasi antara WBC dengan laba-laba baik di lahan PHT (r= -0,421, P<0,001) dan konvensional (r= -0,327, P=0,001). Selain itu juga terdapat korelasi negatif antara populasi WBC dengan paederus di lahan PHT (r= -0,227, P=0,018) dan konvensional (r= -0,298, P= 0,002). Hubungan korelasi negatif tersebut terjadi diduga karena lahan konvensional turut merasakan dampak dari penanaman refugia yang dilakukan oleh lahan PHT sehingga terdapat banyak predator pada lahan pengamatan.
English Abstract
Most of farmers in Java use their agricultural land to grow paddy. Paddy is an important comodity because of its role to be the staple food for Indonesian people in the form of rice. Every years, the demand of rice has continue to increase with the increases of Indonesian population. Brown Planthopper (BPH) is the main pest that always appear and attack paddy. In Indonesia, BPH attack paddy on large areas in a relatively short time. BPH pest control by farmers currently uses chemical pesticides. This way can be considered to overcome the BPH as quickly and practically. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the key of safety pest control, both safe for environment and safe for human health. The concept of IPM is a concept that consider the ecosystem aspect with good agricultural practices. The aim of this research were to study the population abundance and attack of BPH on paddy crops with wide scale IPM implementation compared to conventional paddy field in Bendo Village, Kapas District, Bojonegoro Regency and to study relationship between predator populations and BPH pest in wide scale IPM implementation and conventional field. This research was conducted at IPM and conventional paddy field in Bendo Village, Kapas District, Bojonegoro Regency from March to June 2016. This research used survey method. This method was done by observing BPH dirrectly to be counted the number of BPH population on paddy crops. The determination of IPM and conventional field based on information from the head of farmers group in Bendo Village. This research was conducted at 50 ha field areas (25 ha was IPM field and 25 ha was conventional field). In 50 ha field areas consist of 9 plots both in IPM and conventional field consist of 100 plants (10 plant x 10 plant). The determination of observation spot were choosen randomly, considered by the distance from edge (at least 2 to 3 rows from the edge row). The distance between plots was 50-100 m. Based on the result showed that the population of BPH in IPM field were 28.94 individuals per 100 plants while in conventional field about 20.67 individuals per 100 plants. The number of BPH populations between two fields was not significantly different (t = 2.073, P = 0.526). This was maybe caused by the pest control in IPM and conventional field has not affect directly to population of BPH. Pest control on IPM field used seed treatment by soaked the seed into PGPR, improved soil quality by added compost or organic fertilizer, returned the straw to the soil, used biological agents and refugia, in other hand chemical pesticides was still used. This research also observed the intensity of BPH attacks. The intensity of BPH attacks in IPM field was about 18,04%, while in conventional field was about 14,70%. BPH attacks in two fields was not significantly different (t=0.273, P=0.619). This was maybe caused by the iv application of pesticides that scheduled by farmers to control BPH in conventional field, while in the IPM field was still integrated. On the IPM field, the application of pesticided would be sprayed if the population of BPH has crossed the economic threshold. It can be seen on the graph that the BPH attacks paddy since the observation of 1 MST to 12 MST and had fluctuation in both IPM and conventional field. On this research also observed the population of predator. The most predator founded on the observation field was spiders and paederus. The analysis of correlation show the linear correlation between the number of BPH with the number of spider both in IPM field (r=-0,421, P<0,001) and conventional field (r=-0,327, P=0,001). In other hand, there was also has a negative correlation between the population of BPH and paederus in IPM field (r=-0.227, P=0.018) and conventional field (r=-0.298, P=0.002). The negative correlation occured maybe due to the conventional field also get the effect of refugia that planted on the IPM field, so that there was many predators on the observation field.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/83/051802169 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 31 May 2018 06:32 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 02:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11302 |
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