Rahman, Aulia (2017) Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kreditur Atas Hilangnya Objek Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Di Kbpr Eka Usaha Jember. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan pembangunan yang terus melaju dihadapkan dengan kebutuhan akan pendanaan dalam mencapai kebutuhan di masyarakat. Pendanaan tersebut terfasilitasi melalui Lembaga Keuangan yakni Bank baik swasta atau tidak, bank konvensional, syariah, sampai Bank Pengkreditan Rakyat (BPR). Pendanaan tersebut salah satunya dapat diperoleh dari kredit. Peningkatan aktivitas kredit di masyarakat, presentase bank dalam menghadapi berbagai macam masalah juga semakin meningkat, seperti hilang atau musnahnya obyek jaminan fidusia. Permasalahan tersebut terjadi di KBPR Eka Usaha Jember yang menjadi obyek penelitian bagi Peneliti sebab terdapat lima kasus terkait hilangnya obyek jaminan fidusia tersebut. Permasalahan ini dikarenakan banyaknya Debitur yang menganggap apabila benda yang digunakan sebagai jaminan pada bank hilang atau lepas dari penguasaannya berarti kewajibannya sudah tidak ditanggung lagi oleh debitur. Pihak Debitur dapat beranggapan demikian sebab dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia itu sendiri tidak dijelaskan bagaimana akibat hukum terhadap perjanjian pokok yaitu perjanjian kredit yang dijamin dengan perjanjian jaminan fidusia tersebut apabila benda yang menjadi objek jaminan fidusia hilang atau musnah. Hal inilah yang seringkali menimbulkan kerugian bagi pihak kreditur dikarenakan ia tidak dapat melakukan eksekusi terhadap objek jaminan fidusia setelah terjadinya kredit macet. Oleh karena itu perlindungan hukum bagi Kreditur KBPR Eka Usaha Jember penting dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur atas hilangnya objek jaminan fidusia masih sangat lemah. Perlindungan preventif belum diatur dalam perjanjian kredit dan fidusia, sementara perlindungan represif tertuang dalam klausul perjanjian kredit yang mewajibkan debitur untuk mengasuransikan objek jaminan, sehingga ketika objek jaminan hilang/musnah klaim asuransi menjadi hak kreditur. Hambatan yang dialami oleh pihak KBPR terdiri dari faktor hukum (hambatan substantif, hambatan struktural, dan hambatan budaya), dan faktor non hukum berupa kurangnya kesadaran debitur untuk melunasi hutang, kurangnya koordinasi antara kreditur dan debitur tentang perjanjian kredit, dan kurang tertibnya mekanisme administratif dari pihak bank. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh KBPR untuk mengatasi hambatan dari faktor hukum sejauh ini hanya untuk mengatasi faktor struktural saja yaitu dengan cara mengambil jalur non litigasi berupa negosiasi. Upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan dari faktor non hukum berupa tindakan administratif berupa penghapusbukuan.
English Abstract
Economic growth and development which has been advancing are faced with the need for funding in achieving the needs in the community. The funding is facilitated through the Banks Financial Institutions whether private or not, conventional banks, Sharia to rural credit banks (BPR). The funding, one of them can be obtained from a credit. The increase of activity in credit in the community, the percentage of banks in dealing with various kinds of problems have also increased, such as the missing or destruction of the object of fiduciary guarantee. These problems occur in KBPR Jember Eka Usaha which becomes the object studied for the researcher because there are five cases related to the disappearance of the fiduciary guarantee. This problem is due to the number of debtors who consider that when objects used as collateral on a bank is lost or separated from his mastery it means the obligation is no longer borne by the debtor. The Debtor may think so because in Law No. 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary Security itself does not explain how the legal consequences of the agreement in principal namely the credit agreement is secured by the fiduciary security agreement if the object becoming the object of fiduciary guarantee is lost or destroyed. This is what often causes damage to the creditors because it cannot make an execution of fiduciary guarantee object after the occurance of bad credit. Therefore, a legal protection for creditors of KBPR Eka Usaha Jember is important. The results showed that the implementation of legal protection for creditors for the loss of objects of fiduciary guarantee is still very weak. Preventive protection is not regulated in the credit agreement and fiduciary, while the repressive protection contained in the credit agreement clause that obliges the debtor to insure the security object, thus when the security object is lost / destroyed an insurance claim becomes the rights of creditors. Barriers experienced by the KBPR consists of legal factors ( substantive barrier, structural barrier and cultural barrier), and a non legal factor including the lack of awareness of the debtor to pay off the debt, the lack of coordination between the creditor and the debtor of the credit agreement, and less orderly administrative mechanism from a bank. The efforts made by KBPR to overcome the barriers of legal factors so far only to address the structural factors alone, namely by taking a path in the form of non-litigation negotiations. Efforts to overcome the obstacles of the non-legal factors in the form of administrative measures such as write-offs.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FH/2016/338/051700237 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 340 Law |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Hukum > Ilmu Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Kustati |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jan 2017 13:51 |
| Last Modified: | 20 May 2022 07:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/112757 |
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