Rukmi, Kirana (2018) Keragaman Dan Jarak Genetik 10 Aksesi Ciplukan (Physalis Sp.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Dan Agronomi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman ciplukan (Physalis sp.) merupakan tanaman tropis yang potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia. Di Indonesia tanaman ciplukan dibuktikan dengan berbagai nama daerah, seperti diJawa: ciciplukan; Madura: yoryoran; Sunda: cecendet; Bali: kopok-kopokan;Pontianak:lelutup;Minahasa:leletokan; Sumatra:daun boda;Sulawesi:leletokan; Maluku: lopunorat. Masyarakat di Indonesia sering menganggap tanaman ciplukan sebagai tanaman liar atau gulmayang dapat menurunkan hasil pada tanaman produksi,ciplukan sering dibasmi oleh masyarakat dan para petani sehingga tanaman ciplukan menjadi langka atau punah. Tanaman ciplukan memiliki banyak manfaat dan merupakan tanaman yang layak untuk dibudidayakansebagai bahanbakubiofarmaka sehingga tidak lagi dikenal sebagai tanaman liar oleh masyarakat. Salah satu dalam memanfaatkan plasma nutfah ialahdengan mengetahui keragaman dan jarak genetik berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan agronomi.Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mempelajari keragaman karakter morfologi dan agronomi pada 10 aksesi ciplukan. Mengukur jarak genetik 10 aksesi ciplukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan agronomi. Hipotesis penelitian ini ialah terdapat karakter morfologi dan agronomi yang mempunyai keragaman luas pada tanaman ciplukan. Aksesi ciplukan mempunyai jarak genetik yang bervariasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan agronomi. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2017 yang bertempat di Screen House Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya.Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: polybag, sprayer, cangkul, tugal, gembor, ajir bambu, tali raffia, timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, refractometer, kertas label, kalkulator, dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 10 aksesi ciplukan, 16/MDRGDR, 16/KBM, 16/MLG12LWK, 16/MDRDH, 16/MLGTPG5, 16/KDR1, 16/MLGJKT1, 16/OLSME, 16/INTBLD1, 16/INTBLD2, cocopeat, pupuk kompos, ZA, SP-36, dan KCL dandecis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) perlakuan berupa 10 aksesi ciplukan pada satu aksesi ciplukan di tanam sebanyak 3 tanaman dengan tiga kali ulangan. Variabel pengamatan berdasarkan kualitatifterdiri daritipe pertumbuhan, bentuk daun, batas gerigi daun, letak tangkai daun, tipe tangkai bunga, rambut ruas, warna daun, warna utama buah, warna daging buah, warna biji, bentuk penampang melintangbuah dan bentuk penampang membujurbuah. Variabel pengamatan berdasarkan kuantitatif terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah buah pertanaman, bobot buah segar dengan kelopak, bobot buah pertanaman, jumlah biji perbuah, diameter bunga, padatan terlarut total (%Brix). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dengan pendekatan koefisien korelasi Pearson dilakukan untuk mengetahui kontribusi karakter terhadap keragaman maksimum. Analisis pengelompokanberdasarkan AgglomerativeHierarchichalClustering ii (AHC) dengan similiritas koefisien korelasi pearsondenganmetodeaglomerasi unweighted pair-group method average (UPGMA). Keragaman aksesi ciplukan berdasarkan PCA terhadap karakter morfologi dan agronomi dipengaruhi oleh 5 komponen utama dengan nilai keragaman kumulatif87,36%. Pada PC1 karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap keragaman ialah tipe pertumbuhan, bentuk daun, letaktangkaidaun, lebar daun, tinggi tanaman, diameter bunga, tipetangkaibunga, diameter buah, bobot buah segar dengan kelopak, padatan terlarut total (%Brix), rambut ruas, warna daun, dan bobot buah pertanaman. Pada PC2karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap keragaman ialahletak tangkai daun, panjangtangkaidaundan tipetangkaibunga. Pada PC3karakter yang berkontribusiterhadapkeragamanialahbatas gerigi daun, jumlahbuahpertanaman, panjangbuahdan warnautamabuahsaatpanen. Pada PC4karakter yang berkontribusiterhadapkeragamanialahpanjang tangkai daun, jumlahbuahpertanamandanwarnautamabuah. Pada PC5karakter yang berkontribusiterhadapkeragamanialahjumlah biji perbuah. Hasil jarak genetik berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan agronomi terbagi menjadi empat kelompok utama yang tersebarpada jarak genetik dengan koefisien 99%-100%.
English Abstract
Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) is a potential tropical plants developed in Indonesia. In Indonesia the plant ciplukan is evidenced by the various names of areas, such as in Java: ciciplukan; Madura: yoryoran; Sunda: cecendet; Bali: kopok-kopokan; Pontianak: lelutup; Minahasa: leletokan; Sumatra: boda leaves, Sulawesi: leletokan; Moluccas: lopunorat. Communities in Indonesia are often regarded ciplukan plants as weeds, plant ciplukan are often destroyed by farmers so the plants become rare or extinct. Ciplukan plant has many benefits and is a worthy plants for cultivated as a raw material so that they are no longer known as wild plants by the public. One in utilizing germplasm is by knowing variability and genetic distance based on agronomic and morphological characters.The purpose of this research is study about the variability of morphological and agronomic characters in the 10 accession ciplukan. Genetic distance measure 10 accession of ciplukan based on agronomic and morphological characters. The hypothesis of this research is that there are morphological and agronomic characters have a wide variability in plants ciplukan. Accession of ciplukan have varied genetic distance based on agronomic and morphological characters. Research has been conducted out in February and June 2017 in ScreenHouse the Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya. Tools used in this study such as: polybag, sprayer, hoes, tugal, gembor, bamboo, raffia rope marker, analytic scales, caliper, refractometer, pH meters, paper labels, calculator, and a camera. The materials used in the study such as: 10 accession of ciplukan, 16/MDRGDR, 16/KBM, 16/MLG12LWK, 16/MDRDH, 16/MLGTPG5, 16/KDR1, 16/MLGJKT1, 16/OLSME, 16/INTBLD1, 16/INTBLD2, cocopeat, compost, ZA, SP-36, and KCL, active ingredients and pest control the disease.This research method using random design group (RAK) in the form of 10 accession of Ciplukan, at one accession of ciplukan in planting three plants with a repeated three times. Observations based on qualitative variables consist of the type of growth, leaf shape, leaf dentation of margin, location the petiole, type of flower stalk, the hair section, leaf color, the main color of the fruit, the color of the flesh, seed color, cross-sectional shape, longitudinal cross section. Observations based on quantitative variables consist of plant height, leaf width, the length of the petiole, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit crops, the weighs of fresh fruit with petals,the weight of fruit crops,number of seeds of fruit, flower diameter, total dissolved solids (%Brix). The data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis using calculation (PCA) Pearson correlation coefficient approach is conducted to find out the character's contribution towards the maximum variability. Cluster analysis based on Agglomerative Hierarchichal Clustering (AHC) and correlation coefficients of pearson similiritas. The variability of the accession ciplukan based on morphological characters against PCA and agronomic influenced by 5 main components with the highest variability of cumulative 87,36%. On PC1 characters that contribute to variability is the type of growth, leaf shape, leaf stalk, wide leaf, plant height, flower diameter, flower stalk type, fruit diameter, fresh fruit weight with petals, total iv dissolved solids (% Brix), hair segment, leaf color, and fruit weight of cultivation. On PC2 characters that contribute to variability is the location of the petiole, the length of the petiole and the type of flower stalk. On PC3 characters that contribute to variabilityis the limits of leaves, the number of fruit crops, the length of fruit and the main color of the fruit when harvested. On PC4 characters that contribute to variabilityis the the length of the petiole, the number of fruit crops and the main color of the fruit. On PC5 characters that contribute to variabilitythe number of seeds per fruit. The results of the genetic distance based on agronomic and morphological characters are divided into four main groups which spread on genetic distance coefficient 99%-100%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/180/051803018 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.7 Aromatic and sweet herbs |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 28 May 2018 01:32 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 07:07 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11112 |
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