Yukastikawida, Handang (2018) Pengaruh Jarak Tanam, Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Ayam Dan Pupuk Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Selada Krop (Lactuca Sativa L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman selada ( Lactuca sativa L.) ialah sayuran daun yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Selada banyak dipilih oleh masyarakat karena warna, tekstur dan aromanya yang menyegarkan penampilan makanan sehingga mampu menambah selera makan. Kebutuhan selada krop yang semakin meningkat tersebut harus diikuti peningkatan produksi selada krop yang dapat dilakukan dengan teknik budidaya tanaman selada krop. Perbedaan jarak tanam menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang berbeda, karena dengan penerapan jarak tanam yang terlalu rapat dapat meningkatkan kompetisi antar tanaman. Kompetisi terjadi untuk memperoleh kebutuhan hidup tanaman seperti cahaya matahari, nutrisi, air dan ruang tumbuh. Penggunaan jarak tanam yang tepat dapat meningkatkan produksi per satuan luas m2. Kotoran ayam merupakan salah satu limbah yang dihasilkan baik ayam petelur maupun ayam pedaging, namun memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai pupuk organik. Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan untuk peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tanaman selada adalah pengaturan jarak tanam, penambahan bahan organic dan pupuk NPK yang dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah menjadi gembur, akar tanaman lebih mudah menembus tanah dan menyerap unsur hara yang ada di dalam tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Gesingan, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang. Pada ketinggian ±1100 mdpl dengan suhu rata-rata udara harian antara 20◦C - 27◦C pada bulan Februari 2017 sampai Mei 2017. Alat yang digunakan adalah cangkul, ember, cetok, gembor, sprayer, tali raffia, penggaris, timbangan, LAM, penggaris dan alat-alat lain yang diperlukan selama penelitian. Bahan yang digunakan ialah benih tanaman selada krop varietas great alisan, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk NPK ( 15 : 15 : 15 ). Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor, dimana faktor pertama, yaitu, J1 : Jarak tanam 20x20 cm , J2 : Jarak tanam 25x25 cm, Sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu P1 : Kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), P2 : Pupuk kandang ayam 20 ton ha-1, P3 : Pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 300 kg ha-1, P4 : Pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 600 kg ha-1, P5 : Pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1 + pupuk NPK 900 kg ha-1. Pengamatan dilakukan secara destruktif dan non destruktif dengan mengambil 3 sampel tanaman. Pengamatan destruktif yang meliputi : Diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks luas daun, berat kering total tanaman sedangkan pengamatan non destruktif yang meliputi : Tinggi tanaman. Sedangkan untuk pengamatan panen meliputi : Diameter krop, kandungan klorofil daun, bobot segar total per tanaman dan per hektar, bobot konsumsi per tanaman dan per hektar. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of varian (ANOVA). Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan yang diberikan maka dilakukan uji lanjutan menggunakan BNJ dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara jarak tanam dengan pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil berpengaruh pada variabel tinggi tanaman umur 50 hst, jumlah daun umur 30 hst, 40 hst dan 50 hst, bobot segar total tanaman per tanaman, bobot total konsumsi per tanaman dan bobot total konsumsi per hektar. Pemberian pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1 dan pupuk NPK 900 kg ha-1 (P5) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi pada jarak tanam 25 x 25 cm (J2). Perlakuan jarak tanam 25 x 25 cm (J2) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi pada variabel tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks luas daun bobot kering total tanaman, kandungan klorofil daun, sedangkan perlakuan jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm (J1) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi pada variabel bobot segar total tanaman per hektar,. Perlakuan pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil berpengaruh pada variabel tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks luas daun, bobot kering total tanaman, diameter krop, kandungan klorofil daun, bobot segar total tanaman per hektar. Pada pemberian pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1 dan pupuk NPK 900 kg ha-1 (P5) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada krop
English Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable crop that is widely consumed by the people. Lettuce is the choice of society because of the color, texture and flavour that refresh the appearance of food, in order to increase appetite. Increased lettuce crop requirements should be followed by increased lettuce production, which can be done with good lettuce cultivation techniques. Differences in plant density of lettuce crop leads to different growths and outcomes, because with the application of a dense plan density can increase competition among plants. Competition occurs to obtain the needs of the plant it self, such as sunlight, nutrients, water and growing space. Applying the correct plant density can increase the production. Chicken manure is one of the waste produced both laying hens and broilers, but has great potential that can be processed as organic fertilizer. One of the efforts that can be done to improve the quality and quantity of lettuce crop production is the arrangement of plant density, the addition of organic matters and NPK fertilizer that can improve the soil structure becomes loose, the roots of lettuce will be easier to penetrate the soil and absorb nutrients in the soil. The research was conducted in Gesingan village, Pujon Sub-district, Malang regency. At an altitude of ± 1100 masl with daily average air temperature between 20˚C - 27˚C in February 2017 to May 2017. Tools used are hoes, buckets, shovels, sprayers, raffia ropes, rulers, scales, LAM, rulers, mistar, calipers and the other tools that required during this study. The ingredients used are the seeds of lettuce plants with great varieties of alisan, chicken manure, NPK fertilizer (15: 15: 15). The experiment was conducted using Group Random Design (RAK) with two factors, where the first factor was, J1: plant density 20x20 cm, J2: plant density 25x25 cm, while the second factor is P1: Control (without fertilization), P2: chicken manure 20 ton ha-1, P3: chicken manure 10 ton ha-1 + NPK 300 kg ha-1, P4: chicken manure 10 ton ha-1 + NPK 600 kg ha-1, P5: chicken manure 10 tons ha-1 + NPK 900 kg ha-1. Observations were done destructively and non destructively by taking 3 plant samples. The destructive observation included: stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, total dry weight of plant, while non destructive observation included: plant height. And for harvesting observations included: crop diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, total fresh weight per plant and per hectare, consumption weight per plant and per hectare. The data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant effect of the treatment given, it is necessary to do further test using BNJ with 5% level. The results shows that there is a real interaction between plant spacing with chicken manure and NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of lettuce plant. In the plant height variable 50 days after planting (dap), the number of leaves aged 30 dap, 40 dap and 50 dap, showed very real interaction. As well as the total fresh weight of plants per plant, the total weight of consumption per plant and the total weight of consumption per hectare, also shows a real interaction. Application of chicken manure 10 ton ha-1 and NPK 900 kg ha-1 (P5) showed higher yield at plant spacing 25 x 25 cm (J2). Treatment of plant density 25 x 25 cm (J2) showed higher yield on plant height variables, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, total dry weight of plant, leaf chlorophyll content. Meanwhile, treatment of plant density the 20 x 20 cm (J1) showed higher yield on fresh weight variable of total plant per hectare. Treatment of chicken manure and NPK fertilizer to growth and yield have an effect on plant height variable, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, total dry weight of plant, crop diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, total fresh weight of plant per hectare. On the application of chicken manure 10 ton ha-1 and NPK 900 kg ha-1 (P5) showed higher yield on growth and yield of lettuce crop.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/173/051802879 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.5 Salad greens > 635.52 Lettuce |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 25 May 2018 07:37 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Feb 2022 01:35 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11097 |
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