Nurtalitha, Saviera Hayu (2018) Pengaruh Konsentrasi 2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetat Terhadap Keragaman Pertumbuhan Dan Jumlah Kromosom Tanaman Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb) Klon Jember Dan Pasuruan Secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Temulawak merupakan salah satu tanaman obat herba rimpang yang digunakan sebagai jamu kesehatan sehingga perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produk untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Temulawak merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kromosom triploid (3n) yang menyebabkan perkembangbiakan menggunakan organ vegetatif yaitu rimpang yang menyebabkan sifat induknya akan diwariskan seluruhnya pada sifat anakan. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki keragaman tanaman temulawak adalah dengan induksi poliploidi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan studi lebih lanjut pada tanaman temulawak klon Jember dan Pasuruan secara vegetatif dengan konsentrasi 2,4-D 1 ppm dan 2 ppm yang dapat mempengaruhi keragaman pertumbuhan dan jumlah kromosom. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mendapatkan konsentrasi asam 2,4 diklorofenoksiasetat yang tepat pada tanaman temulawak klon Jember dan Pasuruan guna meningkatkan keragaman pertumbuhan dan jumlah kromosom. Serta hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah Temulawak klon Jember dan Pasuruan memberikan respon keragaman pertumbuhan dan jumlah kromosom yang berbeda-beda terhadap pemberian beberapa konsentrasi 2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Laboratorium Fisiologi Tanaman, Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi (Laboratorium Sentral) Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Brawijaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2017–Januari 2018. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Laminar Air Flow Cabinet (LAFC), timbangan analitik, kompor listrik, botol kultur, pengaduk, gelas beker, gelas ukur, gelas arloji, pipet hisap, pipet tetes, spatula, gelas erlenmeyer, gunting, handsprayer, karet gelang, plastic, tisu, pinset, cawan petri, scalpel, pH meter, panci, magnetic stirer, air conditioner (AC), rak kultur, bunsen, autoclave, oven, Color Chart Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), cuvet, kaca preparat, kaca penutup, mikroskop Ollympus yang terhubung ke Optilab photomicroscope, penggaris, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan adalah eksplan tunas temulawak UB2 (klon Jember) dan UB3 (klon Pasuruan). Media dasar Murashige dan Skoog (MS), sukrosa 30 g/L, agar 6,3 g, Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 5,0 ppm, 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), aquades steril, spiritus, label, plastik penutup, karet gelang, alkohol 70%, alkohol 96%, fungisida (blanlate) 5g/L, detergen, bakterisida (streptomycin) 5 g/L, 8-Hydroxyquinolin 0,002 M, 8-Hydroxyquinolin 0,004 M, Asam asetat 45%, HCL 1N, NaOH 1N, clorox 15%, Aceto orcein 2%, cat kuku bening, Methylene blue, dan caseinhidrolisat 0,08g/L. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan rancangan percobaan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang digunakan adalah dengan 6 kombinasi antar klon temulawak dengan konsentrasi 2,4-D yakni T1 (UB2 kontrol), T2 (UB2 2,4-D 1 ppm), T3 (UB2 2,4-D 2 ppm), T4 (UB3 kontrol), T5 (UB3 2,4-D 1 ppm), dan T6 (UB3 2,4-D 2 ppm). Pada setiap ulangan terdapat 2 eksplan, sehingga terdapat 36 eksplan. Seluruh eksplan digunakan sebagai bahan pengamatan destruktif dan non destruktif. Pengamatan non destruktif meliputi tinggi eksplan, jumlah daun, jumlah tunas dan jumlah akar yang dilakukan satu minggu sekali hingga 8 minggu setelah perlakuan (msp) serta warna daun yang dilakukan pada 8 msp. Serta pengamatan destruktif jumlah kromosom, sel stomata, dan jaringan pembuluh angkut dilakukan 8 minggu setelah perlakuan. Data jumlah daun, jumlah akar dan jumlah tunas di transformasi menggunakan transformasi akar [(x+0,5)]. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5 %. Apabila hasil uji diperoleh pengaruh perlakuanyang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Serta dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan koefisien keragaman genetik (KKG) dan koefisien keragaman fenotip (KKF) serta heritabilitas (h2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum penambahan 2,4-D pada temulawak klon Jember (UB2) dan Pasuruan (UB3) menekan pertumbuhan eksplan, namun pemberian 2,4-D 2 ppm pada temulawak UB2 mampu menghasilkan jumlah daun yang sama dengan UB2 kontrol (tanpa penambahan 2,4-D). Pada pengamatan anatomi didapatkan hasil bahwa pemberian 2,4-D 2 ppm mampu menghasilkan diameter stomata terbesar pada UB2 yakni 67,77 μm serta diameter xilem dan floem terbesar terdapat pada UB3 yakni masing-masing sebesar 25,40 μm dan 12,45 μm. Terdapat keragaman yang rendah pada koefisien keragaman genotip dan fenotip pada semua parameter pengamatan namun memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi.
English Abstract
Javanese turmeric is one of the herbaceous herbs medicinal plants used as health herbs so that the need for an increase in the quality and quantity of products to meet market needs. Javanese turmeric is a plant that has a triploid chromosome (3n) that causes the proliferation of vegetative organs is the rhizomes that cause the nature of the parent will be inherited entirely on the nature of the offspring. One way to improve the diversity of Javanese turmeric plants is by induction of polyploidy. Therefore, it is necessary to do further study on Jember’s and Pasuruan’s clones with concentrations of 2.4-D 1 ppm and 2 ppm which can affect the diversity of growth and the number of chromosomes. The purpose of this study was to study and obtain an appropriate concentration of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyethetic acid in Jember’s and Pasuruan’s clones Javanese turmeric to increase the diversity of growth and the number of chromosomes. The hypothesis of this research is Jember’s and Pasuruan’s clones of Javanese Turmeric give a different diversity response of growth and number of chromosomes to some 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate concentration. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Plant Breeding Laboratory and Biotechnology Laboratory (Central Laboratory) Department of Agronomy Faculty of Brawijaya. The research was conducted in February 2017-January 2018. The instruments used in this research are Laminar Air Flow Cabinet (LAFC), analytical scales, electric stove, culture bottle, stirrer, beaker, measuring cup, watch glass, suction pipet, spatula, erlenmeyer glass, scissors, handsprayer, rubber band, plastic, tissue, pinset, petri dish, scalpel, pH meter, pan, magnetic stirer, air conditioner, culture rack, bunsen, autoclave, oven, Color Chart Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), cuvet, glass preparations, cover glass, Ollympus microscope connected to Optilab photomicroscope, ruler, stationery and camera. The materials used are UB2 Javanese turmeric explant shoot (Jember’s clone) and UB3 (Pasuruan’s clone). Basic medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS), sucrose 30 g / L, 6.3 g agar, Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 5.0 ppm, 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), sterile aquades, label, plastic cover, rubber band, alcohol 70%, 96% alcohol, 5g / L fungicide (blanlate), detergent, bactericide (streptomycin) 5 g / L, 8-Hydroxyquinolin 0.002 M, 8-Hydroxyquinolin 0.004 M, 45%, HCL 1N, NaOH 1N, clorox 15%, 2% Aceto orcein, clear nail polish, Methylene blue, and caseinhidrolisate 0,08g / L. This research will use experimental design with Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with 3 replications. The factors used were 6 combinations between clumps of Javanese turmeric with a concentration of 2,4-D are T1 (UB2 control), T2 (UB2 2,4-D 1 ppm), T3 (UB2 2,4-D 2 ppm), T4 ( UB3 control), T5 (UB3 2,4-D 1 ppm), and T6 (UB3 2,4-D 2 ppm). In each repetition there are 2 explants, which means there are 36 explants. All explant used as destructive and non destructive observation. Non destructive observations included high explants, the amount of leaves, the amount of buds and the amount of roots performed once a week for eight weeks after treatment (wat) and leaf color performed at 8 wat. As well as destructive observations the amount of chromosomes, stomata cells, and vascular tissue carried out 8 weeks after treatment. The data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to test the diversity of Javanese turmeric growth. Analysis was done on all data obtained and if there is a real effect it will be tested further by using BNT test with 5% level, and followed by the calculation of the coefficient of genetic diversity (CGD) and the coefficient of phenotype diversity (CPD) with heritability (h2). In general, the addition of 2,4-D in Jember’s (UB2) and Pasuruan’s (UB3) clones of Javanese turmeric clamps on explant growth, but the treatment given using 2,4-D 2 ppm in UB2 Javanese turmeric able to produce the same amount of leaves with UB2 control (without 2,4-D addition). Anatomical observation showed that the treatment given using 2,4-D 2 ppm was able to produce the biggest stomata diameter at UB2 which was 67,77 μm and the biggest xylem and phloem diameter were UB3 which were 25,40 μm and 12,45 μm respectively. There is a low diversity in genotypic and phenotypic diversity coefficients across all observation parameters, but has a high heritability value.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/193/051803031 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.9 General topics of pest and disease control > 632.95 Pesticides > 632.952 Fungicides |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 25 May 2018 00:50 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 07:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11025 |
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