Syabrina, Rizky Putri (2018) Apakah Peningkatan Kandungan P Dan K Tanah Dapat Meningkatkan Produktifitas Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Dan Populasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat? Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebutuhan jagung di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia dan berkembangnya industri pengolahan. Fosfat dan kalium dibutuhkan dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman jagung. Namun, ketersediaan unsur tersebut yang dapat diserap oleh tanaman cukup terbatas. Pemupukan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut namun bila dilakukan secara berlebihan menyebabkan degradasi tanah yang dapat menurunkan mikroba tanah khususnya bakteri pelarut fosfat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk anorganik terhadap peningkatan produktivitas jagung; (2) mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk anorganik terhadap popualsi bakteri pelarut fosfat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2017 – Februari 2018. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari sembilan perlakuan dan ulangan. Perlakuan menggunakan berbagai macam dosis pupuk. Pupuk yang digunakan yaitu urea, SP-36, KCL, PK 52-34 dan NPK dengan dosis; N0P0K0 :kontrol; N1P0K0: Urea 400 kg.ha-1; N1PK1: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 100 kg.ha-1; N1PK2: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 150 kg.ha-1; N1PK3: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK52-34 kg.ha-1; N1PK4: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1; N1P1K1: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + SP-36 215 kg.ha-1 + KCL 80 kg.ha-1; N1P2K2: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + SP-36 300 kg.ha-1 + KCL 110 kg.ha-1; N2P3K3: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + NPK 300 kg.ha-1. Pengamatan meliputi variabel perakaran jagung, produktivitas jagung dan populasi total bakteri serta bakteri pelarut fosfat. Perakaran jagung diukur menggunakan metode gravimetri (grid) dan dihitung menggunakan rumus panjang akar (LRV. Lenght root volume) dan berat akar (DRV. Density root volume). Selain itu, populasi bakteri dilakukan dengan isolasi bakteri dari tanah dan melakukan pengenceran serta pencawanan pada pegenceran 106 dan 107 menggunakan metode cawan menggunakan nutrient agar dan pikovskaya agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan P dan K tanah secara nyata (P<0,01) meningkatkan produktivitas jagung. Produktivitas jagung tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan N1PK4 (Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1) yaitu 11,53 ton.ha-1 dibanding dengan kontrol (N0P0K0) yaitu 6,8 ton.ha-1. Penambahan P dan K tanah tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap populasi total bakteri dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Namun, menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 0,51% dari perlakuan N0P0K0 (kontrol) dengan rerata populasi total bakteri tertinggi yakni pada perlakuan N1P1K1 (Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + SP-36 215 kg.ha-1 + KCL 80 kg.ha-1) dan N1PK4 (Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1) yaitu 192,6 dan 192,2 cfu.ml-1, sementara rerata populasi terendah terdapat pada perlakuan N0P0K0 (kontrol) yaitu 127,6 cfu.ml-1. Pada populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan N1PK4 (Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1) yaitu 87,13 cfu.ml-1 dengan kenaikan 2,86% dari rerata populasi perlakuan N0P0K0 (kontrol) yaitu 22,57 cfu.ml-1.
English Abstract
The demand of Maize in Indonesia continues to increase as the population immediately. Phosphorus (P) and Potasium (K) are needed in to support of the growth and development of maize. However, the availiblity of these elements that can be absorbed by plants is quite limited. To solve the problem, we can do by fertilizing. Inorganic fertilization can be efficient of nutrient and can absorbed by plants. Conversely if excessive fertilization causes soil degradation that can reduce soil microbes especially phosphate solubillizing bacteria (PSB). The purpose of this research are: (1) to know the effect of various doses of inorganic fertilizer to increase maize productivity; (2) to know the effect of various doses of inorganic fertilizer to phosphate sollubilizing bacteria populations. The research was conducted in August 2017 – february 2018. The research using a randomize block design (RBD) with nine treatment and replications. Treatment using various doses of fertilizer. The fertilizerd used are Urea, Sp-36, KCL, PK 52-32 and NPK with dose; N0P0K0 :kontrol; N1P0K0: Urea 400 kg.ha-1; N1PK1: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 100 kg.ha-1; N1PK2: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 150 kg.ha-1; N1PK3: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK52-34 kg.ha-1; N1PK4: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1; N1P1K1: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + SP-36 215 kg.ha-1 + KCL 80 kg.ha-1; N1P2K2: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + SP-36 300 kg.ha-1 + KCL 110 kg.ha-1; N2P3K3: Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + NPK 300 kg.ha-1. Observations included variables of rooting, maize productivity, total bacteria and population of PSB. The root of maize was measured using gravimetric method and calculated using length root formula (LRV. Length root volume) and root weight (DRV. Density root volume). In addition, the bacterial population was carried out by isolation from the soil with dilution. The dilution at 106 and 107 with pour plate method and use nutrient agar (NA) and pikovskaya agar. The results showed that the addition of soil P and K significantly (P<0,01) was able to increase the productivy of maize. The highest maize productivity was found in N1PK4 treatment (Urea 400 kg.ha-1+ PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1) up to 11,53 ton.ha-1 than control (N0P0K0) was 6,8 ton.ha-1. The addition of P and K soil did not give significant result (P>0,05) to total bacterial population and PSB. However, it shows an increase 0,51% of controls (N0P0K0), the highest total bacterial population was found in N1P1K1 (Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + SP-36 215 kg.ha-1 + KCL 80 kg.ha-1) and N1PK4 (Urea 400 kg.ha-1 + PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1) treatment up to 192,6 and 192,2 cfu.ml-1. Meanwhile the lowest population was found in N0P0K0 treatment (control) up to 127,6 cfu.ml-1. The highest population of PSB was found in N1PK4 treatment (Urea 400 kg.ha-1+ PK 52-34 250 kg.ha-1) up to 87,13 cfu.ml-1 with an increase 2,86% of control (N0P0K0) up to 14,77 cfu.ml-1.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/191/051803029 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.15 Corn > 633.158 9 Corn (Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 May 2018 06:59 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 07:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11013 |
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