Pahlevi, Rizqi Wahidah (2018) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Nutrisi Dan Inokulasi Agen Hayati Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tomat Cherry (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill. Var. Cerasiforme) Sistem Hidroponik. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebutuhan gizi di Indonesia semakin hari semakin bertambah sesuai dengan kenaikan jumlah penduduk, meningkatnya usia, taraf hidup yang lebih baik, dan kesadaran akan pentingnya gizi dalam makanan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan data Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura (2015), produksi tomat mengalami fluktuasi pada setiap tahunnya. Pengembangan komoditas tomat mutlak perlu dilakukan, terlebih pada jenis tomat cherry. Namun, saat ini pengembangan pertanian banyak mengalami kendala seperti perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan ialah dengan penerapan sistem budidaya yang efektif dan efisien melalui teknologi hidroponik. Pengelolaan nutrisi tanaman menjadi faktor kunci dalam keberhasilan teknik budidaya secara hidroponik. Pengelolaan nutrisi yang efektif dan efisien akan berdampak pada petumbuhan dan perkembangan, serta hasil dan kualitas tanaman. Pada teknik hidroponik, mutlak nutrisi harus disediakan mengingat media tidak mengandung unsur hara. Namun, seringkali nutrisi yang diberikan tidak dapat diserap dengan baik oleh tanaman sehingga diperlukan teknologi dalam mengefisiensi penggunaan nutrisi yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Upaya yang dilakukan ialah pengaturan tingkat kepekatan nutrisi atau konsentrasi nutrisi dan inokulasi agen hayati, seperti Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA). Penelitian dilaksanakan di dalam Greenhouse Agrotechnopark Universitas Brawijaya Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2017. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah reservoir kapasitas 160 liter, pompa air, pipa PVC ukuran 0,5 inch dan 1 inch, sambungan pipa PVC 0,5 dan 1 inch, Netafim™ 5mm straight stake dripper (2.0 lph), Netafim™ 5mm nipple adapter, polibag ukuran 30 x 35 cm dengan diameter 23 cm, papan percobaan, pH meter dan TDS/EC meter, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), hand refactrometer, timbangan digital, oven, gelas ukur 1000 ml, gawar, meteran, jangka sorong, nampan, dan kamera. Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah benih tomat cherry varietas Golden gem (Known You Seed), agen hayati (PGPR dan CMA) koleksi Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, media persemaian berupa rockwool, media tanam berupa campuran pasir halus, arang sekam, dan kompos dengan perbandingan 3:1:1, penurun pH, dan nutrisi hidroponik AB Mix. Metode percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Tersarang (Nested Design) yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi nutrisi dan inokulasi agen hayati (PGPR dan CMA). Adapun percobaan tersebut didapatkan 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 36 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 8 polibag tanaman tomat cherry, sehingga total tomat cherry yang ditanam sebanyak 288 tanaman. Pengamatan yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan pertumbuhan dan pengamatan hasil. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan cara non destruktif dan pengamatan hasil dilakukan dengan cara destruktif dan pada saat tanaman dipanen. Pengamatan destruktif dilakukan sebelum fase vegetatif ii akhir atau sebelum pembentukan bunga dan pada saat panen, sedangkan non dekstruktif dimulai pada 14 HST dan diulang dengan interval waktu 2 minggu yaitu pada umur 14, 28, dan 42 HST. Parameter pertumbuhan non destruktif, meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), jumlah bunga, dan jumlah buah (g). Parameter pengamatan destruktif, meliputi luas daun (cm2), panjang akar (cm), dan berat kering tanaman (g), infeksi akar oleh mikoriza (%), kerapatan populasi bakteri (107CFU.g-1), dan kerapatan spora mikoriza (spora 20.g-1). Sedangkan parameter pengamatan hasil panen, meliputi berat kering tanamann (g), panjang akar (cm), Bobot buah saat panen (g), diameter buah (cm), kadar gula (obrix), total asam tertitrasi, dan serapan hara (N, P, dan K). Data hasil pengamatan di analisis menggunakan analisis ragam gabungan (ANOVA) dan apabila berpengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi 100% dan inokulasi agen hayati mampu meningkatkan 4,57% tinggi tanaman, 4,03% jumlah bunga, 2,69% jumlah buah, 3,43% bobot buah, 2,15% diameter buah, 2,94% kadar gula, 2,02% total asam tertitrasi, 0,44% kerapatan populasi bakteri, 1,78% kerapatan spora CMA, dan 3,75% infeksi akar jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa inokulasi (kontrol). Pemberian konsentrasi nutrisi yang berbeda pada tanaman tomat cherry berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan hasil (kualitas dan kuantitas) tomat cherry yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan konsentrasi nutrisi 100% sebagian besar meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman. Inokulasi agen hayati mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil, serta 3,17% serapan N, 3,34% P, dan 3,48% K jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa inokulasi (kontrol) pada tomat cherry
English Abstract
Nutritional needs in Indonesia are getting more and more in line with increasing population, increasing age, better standard of living, and awareness of the importance of nutrition in everyday foods. Based on data from the Directorate General of Horticulture (2015), tomato production fluctuates every year. Development of tomato commodity is absolutely necessary, especially on the type of cherry tomatoes. However, agricultural development now faces many constraints such as climate change that is uncertain. Efforts that can be done is with the application of effective and efficient cultivation system through hydroponics technology. The management of plant nutrition is a key factor in the success of hydroponic cultivation techniques. Effective and efficient nutrition management will have an impact on the growth and development, as well as the yield and quality of the plant. In hydroponic techniques, absolute nutrients must be provided given the media does not contain nutrients. However, often given nutrients can not be absorbed properly by plants so that technology is needed in the efficient use of environmentally friendly and sustainable nutrition. Efforts are made to regulate the level of nutrient concentration or nutrient concentration and inoculation of biological agents, such as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). The research was conducted in Greenhouse Agrotechnopark Universitas Brawijaya Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency from July until October 2017. The tool used in this research is a 160 liters capacity reservoir, water pump, 0.5 cm and 1 inch PVC pipe, 0.5 cm and 1 inch PVC pipe, Netafim ™ 5mm straight stake dripper (2.0 lph), Netafim ™ 5mm nipple adapter, polybag size 30 x 35 cm with diameter 23 cm, experimental board, pH meter and TDS/EC meter, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), hand refactrometer, digital scales, oven, 1000 ml measuring cup, gawar, meter, slides, trays, and cameras. While the material used in this research is cherry tomato seed of Golden gem (Known You Seed) varieties, biological agents (PGPR and AMF) collection of Plant Disease Laboratory Department of Plant Pests and Diseases Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Brawijaya, nursery media in the form of rockwool, fine sand, chaff charcoal, and compost with a 3: 1: 1 ratio, pH-lowering, and hydroponic nutrient AB Mix. The experimental method to be used in the study is the Completely Randomized Design of Nested Design consisting of two factors, namely the concentration of nutrients and the inoculation of biological agents (PGPR and AMF). The experiment obtained 12 treatment combinations. Each treatment was repeated as many as 3 replications so that there were 36 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 8 polybags of cherry tomato plant, resulting in a total of 288 cherry tomatoes planted. Observations made are observations of growth and observation of results. The observation of growth is done by non destructive method and observation of the result is done destructively and at the time the crop is harvested. Destructive observations were performed before the final vegetative phase or before flower formation and at harvest time, while non decstructive starting at 14 HST and iv repeated with 2 week interval at age 14, 28, and 42 HST. Non destructive growth parameters, including plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), number of flowers, and number of fruits (g). The destructive observation parameters, including leaf area (cm2), root length (cm), and dry weight of plant (g), root infection by mycorrhizal (%), bacterial population density (107CFU.g-1), and mycorrhizal spores density (spore 20.g-1). The observation parameters of crop yield, including the dry weight of plant (g), root length (cm), fruit weight at harvest (g), fruit diameter (cm), sugar content (°brix), total acids titrated, and nutrient uptake (N, P, and K). The observational data were analyzed using a combined range analysis (ANOVA) and if it had real effect, then tested continuation of honest difference (BNJ) at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between treatment of 100% nutrient concentration and inoculation of biological agents increased 4,57% of plant height, 4,03% of number of flowers, 2,69% of number of fruits, 3,43% of fruit weight, 2,15% of diameter of fruit, 2,94% of sugar content, 2,02% of total acids titrated, 0,44% of bacterial population density, 1,78% of AMF spore density, and 3,75% of root infections when compared with treatment without inoculation (control). Provision of different nutrient concentrations in cherry tomato affect the growth and yield (quality and quantity) of cherry tomatoes produced. The treatment of 100% nutrient concentration largely enhanced vegetative and generative growth of the plant. Inoculation of biological agents was able to increase growth and yield, as well as 3,17% of nutrient uptake of N, 3,34% of P, and 3,48% of K when compared with treatment without inoculation (control) in cherry tomato.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/174/051803012 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.6 Edible garden fruits and seeds > 635.64 Other garden fruits > 635.642 Tomatoes > 635.642 89 Tomatoes (Fertilizers, soil conditioners, growth regulators) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 24 May 2018 04:10 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Oct 2021 05:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10994 |
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