Ramayanti, Fefi (2018) Jarak Genetik Aksesi-Aksesi Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus Communis L.) Lokal Berdasarkan Karakter Kualitatif Dan Kuantitatif. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jarak kepyar merupakan salah satu komoditi penghasil minyak yang berguna untuk berbagai industri, seperti biofuel, bahan baku industri biofarmaka dan kosmetik. Biji jarak kepyar mengandung minyak antara 46-57% yang dikenal sebagai minyak kastor. Berdasarkan data dari BPS (2015), data produksi jarak kepyar di Indonesia pada tahun 2000-2014 cenderung mengalami penurunan, yakni sebesar 1,8 ribu ton pada 2010 menjadi 1,4 ribu ton pada 2014. Produksi jarak kepyar tergolong rendah dibandingkan tanaman perkebunan semusim lainnya (gula tebu, serah wangi, nilam dan tembakau). Dari kekayaan jarak kepyar lokal ini perlu diketahui jarak genetik antar aksesi untuk pelestarian plasma nutfah dan memberikan informasi dalam membantu program pemuliaan tanaman. Jarak genetik dapat diukur dan dianalisis secara sederhana menggunakan pendekatan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jarak genetik antar aksesi jarakkepyarlokalberdasarkankarakterkualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini ialah terdapat jarak genetik yang bervariasi antar aksesi jarak kepyar local berdasarkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Oktober 2017 di Desa Ngijo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan diantaranya alat budidaya, alat ukur, kamera, papan penanda, alat tulis, amplop kertas, panduan Descriptor Draft National Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Castor (Ricinus communis L.) (Chakrabarty et al., 2006), dan deskriptor Castor Bean dari UPOV (2014) yang telah disesuaikan. Bahan yang digunakan ialah 22 aksesi jarak kepyar lokal, pupuk urea, KCl dan SP36. Penelitian menggunakan RAK dengan 2 kali ulangan. Dalam 1 ulangan setiap aksesi ditanam sebanyak 5 benih. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tiap individu tanaman. Analisis data menggunakan software Microsoft Excel 2007/XLSTAT version 2009.3.02. Analisis keragaman ditentukan berdasarkan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dengan tipe korelasi Pearson. Pengelompokan dan jarak genetik dilakukan dengan analisis klaster berdasarkan Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Pengelompokan klaster berdasarkan nilai kemiripan (similirity) karakterdan koefisien korelasi Pearson dengan menggunakan metode UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average). Karakter yang diamati sebanyak 39 karakter kualitatif dan 33 karakter kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis PCA, pada karakter kualitatif diperoleh 7 komponen utama pertama (7PC) yang berkontribusi 84,22% terhadap keragaman total. Berdasarkan PCA karakter kuantitatif diperoleh 5 komponen utama pertama yang berkontribusi 83,96% terhadap keragaman total (5PC). keragaman 4,51%. Karakter yang berkontribusi ialah rasio panjang lebar daun. Pengelompokan jarak kepyar lokal pada 22 aksesi berdasarkan karakter kualitatif dengan koefisien kemiripan 52%-97% dikelompokkan menjadi 3 klaster. Klaster tersebut terbentuk pada koefisien kemiripan 74% atau jarak genetik 0,26. Aksesi TBN 0716 viii memiliki nilai koefisien kemiripan terendah atau jarak genetik terjauh. Aksesi LMG 0216 U1, LMG 0216 U2 dan SUKO 0116, SUKO 0316 memiliki nilai koefisien kemiripan tertinggi atau jarak genetik terdekat. Berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif diperoleh koefisien kemiripan antar aksesi berkisar 89%-99%. Pada tingkat kemiripan 96,8% atau jarak genetik 0,032 diperoleh 4 klaster. Aksesi GRT 0116 memiliki nilai koefisien kemiripan terendah atau jarak genetik terjauh. Aksesi TBN 0416 dan TBN 0516 memiliki nilai jarak genetik terdekat. Nilai koefisien kemiripan antar aksesi yang bervariasi menunjukkan bahwa jarak genetik yang diperoleh juga bervariasi
English Abstract
Castor bean is one of the oil-producing commodities that are useful for various industries, such as biofuels, raw materials of the biopharmaceutical industry and cosmetic. Seeds of castor bean contain oil between 46-57% known as castor oil. The plant is a potential plant that has not been cultivated widely. Based on data from the BPS (2015), the production of castor bean in Indonesia in the year 2000-2014 to decrease, which is 1.8 thousand tons in 2010 to 1.4 thousand tons in 2014. From this wealth of castor bean local, it is necessary to know the genetic distance for germplasm conservation and provide information for plant breeding program. Genetic distances can be measured and analyzed simply using qualitative and quantitative character approaches. The purpose of this research is to know the genetic distance between the accession of castor bean local based on qualitative and quantitative character. The hypothesis of this study there is a genetic distance that varies between accessions of castor bean local based on qualitative and quantitative character. The research was conducted in the Ngijo Village, Karangploso District, Malang, East Java. The research was conducted in April-October 2017. The equipments that used in this research were cultivation tools, measuring instruments, cameras, marker boards, stationery, paper envelopes, guides from Descriptor Draft National Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Castor (Ricinus communis L.) (Chakrabarty et al., 2006), and Castor Bean from UPOV (2014). The materials that were used 22 local accession of castor bean and fertilizer (urea, KCl and SP-36). Research was used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 replication. The number of plants per accession were 5 plants. Observation were on each individual plant. The variables of research consist of 39 qualitative and 33 quantitative character. Data analysis use software Microsoft Excel 2007/XLSTAT version 2009.3.02. Variability analysis was determined based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Pearson’s correlation type. Genetic distance were performed by cluster analysis based on Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Clustering grouping based on character similirityand Pearson correlation coefficient using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average)method. Based on PCA, qualitative character there were 7 first main component (7PC) for contribution 84,22% of the total variation.Based on PCA quantitative character there were 5 first main component (5PC) for contribution 83,96% of the total variation. Grouping of castor bean on 22 local accession based on qualitative character with coefisien similirity 52%-97% grouped into 3 clusters. The cluster is formed on a coefficient similirity of 74% or genetic distance of 0.26. Accession TBN 0716 has the value of the lowest similarity coefficient or the farthest genetic distance. Accessory LMG 0216 U1, LMG 0216 U2 and SUKO 0116, SUKO 0316 has the nearest genetic distance. Based on the quantitative character, the coefficient of similarity between accessions is 89%-99%. At 96.8% similarity level or 0.032 genetic distance obtained 4 clusters. GRT 0116 accession has the x farthest genetic distance. Accession TBN 0416 and TBN 0516 have the nearest genetic distance value. The values of the similarity coefficients between the various accessions indicate that the genetic distance obtained also variation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2018/10/051801495 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing > 633.85 Plants producing nonvolatile oils |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 21 May 2018 01:03 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Oct 2021 23:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10727 |
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