Hady, Olvin (2018) Perlindungan Hutan Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah, Provinsi Maluku Utara Dari Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan PT. Weda Bay Nickel,. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tesis ini merupakan penelitian terhadap terjadinya pelanggaran Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai yang dilakukan oleh PT. WBN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menganalisis apakah ada ketidaksesuaian dengan Hukum Nasional dalam penolakan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai untuk melindungi Hutan Ulayat mereka dari kegiatan usaha pertambangan PT. WBN serta bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa antara Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai dengan PT. WBN sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah konflik lahan antara perusahaan dengan masyarakat hukum adat yang terjadi di beberapa desa, seperti Desa Gemaf, Kobe, Sagea, dan Lelilef. Masuknya Perusahaan tambang mengakibatkan terancamnya hak-hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Terancamnya Hak Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai atau secara historis berasal dari Suku Sawai, karena desa-desa mereka masuk dalam konsesi wilayah tambang PT. WBN. Wilayah adat mereka pun dikuasai perusahaan. Tak hanya perampasan lahan, mereka pun terancam di relokasi karena kampungnya masuk dalam konsesi perusahaan. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan yang telah diuraikan, maka perumusan masalah yang diteliti dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah: 1) Apa bentuk perlawanan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai untuk melindungi Hutan Ulayat mereka dari kegiatan usaha pertambangan PT. Weda Bay Nickel di Provinsi Maluku Utara, Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah? 2) Bagaimana upaya penyelesaian sengketa antara Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai dengan PT. Weda Bay Nickel sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum dan keadilan bagi Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis. Prosedur pengumpulan bahan hukum melalui studi kepustakaan serta menggunakan teknik analisis bahan hukum dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlawanan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai terjadi karena adanya tindakan kesewenangan yang dilakukan oleh PT. WBN yang tidak mengindahkan hak-hak tradisional Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai, Perlawanan terjadi dalam rentang waktu 2011 sampai 2013. Perlawanan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai ada yang bertentangan dengan Hukum Nasional dan ada juga yang sesuai dengan Hukum Nasional contohnya pemasangan plang untuk menunjukan vii kawasan Hutan Ulayat mereka. Hal ini sesuai dengan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/PUU-IX/2012 yang menyatakan bahwa Hutan Ulayat yang semula menjadi Hutan Negara sekarang menjadi bagian dari Hutan Hak yang mana Hutan Hak adalah hutan yang berada di kawasan Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Penyelesaian sengketa antara PT. WBN dengan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai juga belum menemui titik terang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan harga ganti rugi pembebasan lahan yang dirasa tidak sesuai dengan permintaan Masyarakat Hukum Adat Sawai serta kecendrungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah yang lebih menunjukan keberpihakan kepada PT. WBN
English Abstract
This thesis is focused on violation of Ulayat right of Adat law community of Sawai by PT. WBN. This research aims to understand and analyze whether there is irrelevance of National Law in terms of rejection by Adat law community to protect their communal land from mining activities done by PT. WBN, and how the dispute between Adat law community of Sawai and PT. WBN is settled as a legal protection. The land-related dispute between Adat law community of several villages such as Gemaf, Kobe, Sagea, and Lelilef arose, in which the development of mining company serves as a threat to the rights of Adat law people. Their rights of lands located within the area dominated by PT. WBN have been violated. Not only their land that have been taken over, but they are prone to being relocated, for their village is within the concession of the mining company. The conflict was also triggered by low compensation given to the community which was irrelevant to what was agreed by the community. According to the research background, this thesis focuses on the following research problems: 1. What measures are taken by Adat law community of Sawai to protect their Ulayat forest from mining activities conducted by PT. Weda Bay Nickel in the Province of North Maluku, Regency of Central Halmahera? 2. What attempts are taken to settle the dispute between the Adat law community of Sawai and PT. Weda Bay Nickel as a legal protection and to achieve justice for the community of Sawai? This research employed juridical empirical method with socio-juridical approach. The data was taken by doing literature review and by conducting analyses of legal materials with descriptive qualitative method. The result of the research shows that the fight of Adat law community of Sawai against the violation done by PT. WBN occurred simply because the mining company has failed to acknowledge traditional rights of Adat law community of Sawai. The riot took place from 2011 to 2013, which can be considered that some of their action against the company is in line with National Law, and some is irrelevant to National Law, in which the latter is shown by the community erecting a signpost to mark that the Ulayat forest belongs to the community. This action is relevant to the decision of Constitutional Court Number 35/PUU-IX/2012 stating that Ulayat forest which was formerly owned by the state has now become communal forest that sits on the area of Adat law community. The settlement of dispute between PT. WBN and Adat law community of Sawai has not come to a solution. This is caused by the low compensation of the land taken over which is seen irrelevant to what has been ix agreed by Adat law community of Sawai and the government tendency of Central Halmahera Regency that seems to be more on the side of PT. WBN.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/346.046 75/HAD/p/2018/041802681 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | FOREST CONSERVATION - LAW AND LEGISLATION, ADAT LAW, FOREST PROTECTION |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 346 Private law > 346.04 Property > 346.046 Government control and regulation of specific kinds of land and natural resources > 346.046 75 Government control and regulation of specific kinds of land and natural resources (Forest lands) |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 07 May 2018 02:41 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2021 00:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/10272 |
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